TY - JOUR
T1 - Gaia16apd - A link between fast and slowly declining type I superluminous supernovae
AU - Kangas, T.
AU - Blagorodnova, N.
AU - Mattila, S.
AU - Lundqvist, P.
AU - Fraser, M.
AU - Burgaz, U.
AU - Cappellaro, E.
AU - Carrasco Martínez, J. M.
AU - Elias-Rosa, N.
AU - Hardy, L. K.
AU - Harmanen, J.
AU - Hsiao, E. Y.
AU - Isern, J.
AU - Kankare, E.
AU - Kolaczkowski, Z.
AU - Nielsen, M. B.
AU - Reynolds, T. M.
AU - Rhodes, L.
AU - Somero, A.
AU - Stritzinger, M. D.
AU - Wyrzykowski, L.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 The Authors.
PY - 2017/7/21
Y1 - 2017/7/21
N2 - We present ultraviolet (UV), optical and infrared photometry and optical spectroscopy of the type Ic superluminous supernova (SLSN) Gaia16apd (=SN 2016eay), covering its evolution from 26 d before the g-band peak to 234.1 d after the peak. Gaia16apd was followed as a part of the NOT Unbiased Transient Survey (NUTS). It is one of the closest SLSNe known (z = 0.102 ± 0.001), with detailed optical and UV observations covering the peak. Gaia16apd is a spectroscopically typical type Ic SLSN, exhibiting the characteristic blue early spectra with O II absorption, and reaches a peak Mg = -21.8 ± 0.1 mag. However, photometrically it exhibits an evolution intermediate between the fast and slowly declining type Ic SLSNe, with an early evolution closer to the fast-declining events. Together with LSQ12dlf, another SLSN with similar properties, it demonstrates a possible continuum between fast and slowly declining events. It is unusually UV-bright even for an SLSN, reaching a non-K-corrected Muvm2 ≃ -23.3 mag, the only other type Ic SLSN with similar UV brightness being SN 2010gx. Assuming that Gaia16apd was powered by magnetar spin-down, we derive a period of P = 1.9 ± 0.2 ms and a magnetic field of B = 1.9 ± 0.2 × 1014 G for the magnetar. The estimated ejecta mass is between 8 and 16 M⊙, and the kinetic energy between 1.3 and 2.5 × 1052 erg, depending on opacity and assuming that the entire ejecta is swept up into a thin shell. Despite the early photometric differences, the spectra at late times are similar to slowly declining type Ic SLSNe, implying that the two subclasses originate from similar progenitors.
AB - We present ultraviolet (UV), optical and infrared photometry and optical spectroscopy of the type Ic superluminous supernova (SLSN) Gaia16apd (=SN 2016eay), covering its evolution from 26 d before the g-band peak to 234.1 d after the peak. Gaia16apd was followed as a part of the NOT Unbiased Transient Survey (NUTS). It is one of the closest SLSNe known (z = 0.102 ± 0.001), with detailed optical and UV observations covering the peak. Gaia16apd is a spectroscopically typical type Ic SLSN, exhibiting the characteristic blue early spectra with O II absorption, and reaches a peak Mg = -21.8 ± 0.1 mag. However, photometrically it exhibits an evolution intermediate between the fast and slowly declining type Ic SLSNe, with an early evolution closer to the fast-declining events. Together with LSQ12dlf, another SLSN with similar properties, it demonstrates a possible continuum between fast and slowly declining events. It is unusually UV-bright even for an SLSN, reaching a non-K-corrected Muvm2 ≃ -23.3 mag, the only other type Ic SLSN with similar UV brightness being SN 2010gx. Assuming that Gaia16apd was powered by magnetar spin-down, we derive a period of P = 1.9 ± 0.2 ms and a magnetic field of B = 1.9 ± 0.2 × 1014 G for the magnetar. The estimated ejecta mass is between 8 and 16 M⊙, and the kinetic energy between 1.3 and 2.5 × 1052 erg, depending on opacity and assuming that the entire ejecta is swept up into a thin shell. Despite the early photometric differences, the spectra at late times are similar to slowly declining type Ic SLSNe, implying that the two subclasses originate from similar progenitors.
KW - Stars: magnetars
KW - Stars: massive
KW - Supernovae: individual (Gaia16apd)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85021146690&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85021146690&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stx833
DO - 10.1093/mnras/stx833
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85021146690
SN - 0035-8711
VL - 469
SP - 1246
EP - 1258
JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
IS - 1
ER -