Gender and Country Differences in the Sense of Justice: Justice Evaluation, Gender Earnings Gap, and Earnings Functions in Thirteen Countries

This paper investigates gender and country differences in the sense of justice, focusing on the justice evaluation, the actual and just gender earnings gaps, and the mechanisms by which actual and just earnings are produced. Using data from the International Social Justice Project, we estimate actual and just earnings functions separately for the men and women of thirteen countries, obtaining 52 sets of estimates of the base salary and the returns to schooling and experience. To pinpoint similarities and differences across sex and country in determination of the actual and just rewards, we test three sets of parameter-equality hypotheses.