TY - JOUR
T1 - Genomic analysis of diet composition finds novel loci and associations with health and lifestyle
AU - 23andMe Research Team
AU - EPIC- InterAct Consortium
AU - LifeLines Cohort Study
AU - Meddens, S. Fleur W.
AU - de Vlaming, Ronald
AU - Bowers, Peter
AU - Burik, Casper A.P.
AU - Linnér, Richard Karlsson
AU - Lee, Chanwook
AU - Okbay, Aysu
AU - Turley, Patrick
AU - Rietveld, Cornelius A.
AU - Fontana, Mark Alan
AU - Ghanbari, Mohsen
AU - Imamura, Fumiaki
AU - McMahon, George
AU - van der Most, Peter J.
AU - Voortman, Trudy
AU - Wade, Kaitlin H.
AU - Anderson, Emma L.
AU - Braun, Kim V.E.
AU - Emmett, Pauline M.
AU - Esko, Tonũ
AU - Gonzalez, Juan R.
AU - Kiefte-de Jong, Jessica C.
AU - Langenberg, Claudia
AU - Luan, Jian’an
AU - Muka, Taulant
AU - Ring, Susan
AU - Rivadeneira, Fernando
AU - Snieder, Harold
AU - van Rooij, Frank J.A.
AU - Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H.R.
AU - Smith, George Davey
AU - Franco, Oscar H.
AU - Forouhi, Nita G.
AU - Ikram, M. Arfan
AU - Uitterlinden, Andre G.
AU - van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V.
AU - Wareham, Nick J.
AU - Cesarini, David
AU - Harden, K. Paige
AU - Lee, James J.
AU - Benjamin, Daniel J.
AU - Chow, Carson C.
AU - Koellinger, Philipp D.
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgements This research was carried out under the auspices of the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium (SSGAC, https://www.thessgac.org/). The research has also been conducted using the UK Biobank Resource under Application Number 11425. The study was supported by funding from the Ragnar Söderberg Foundation (E9/11 and E42/15), the Swedish Research Council (421-2013-1061), The Jan Wallander and Tom Hedelius Foundation, an ERC Consolidator Grant to Philipp Koellinger (647648 EdGe), the Pershing Square Fund of the Foundations of Human Behavior, The Open Philanthropy Project (2016-152872, 010623-00001), and the NIA/NIH through grants P01-AG005842, P01-AG005842-20S2, P30-AG012810, and T32-AG000186-23 to NBER, and R01-AG042568-02 and R56-AG042568-04 to the University of Southern California. CCC was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH/ NIDDK and thanks Kevin Hall for informative discussions. PME was funded by Nestlé Nutrition. We thank the DietGen and CHARGE consortia for sharing diet-composition GWAS summary statistics, and we thank 23andMe, Inc., for sharing physical activity GWAS summary statistics. A full list of acknowledgements is provided in Supplementary Information 13.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, The Author(s).
PY - 2021/6
Y1 - 2021/6
N2 - We conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of relative intake from the macronutrients fat, protein, carbohydrates, and sugar in over 235,000 individuals of European ancestries. We identified 21 unique, approximately independent lead SNPs. Fourteen lead SNPs are uniquely associated with one macronutrient at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10−8), while five of the 21 lead SNPs reach suggestive significance (P < 1 × 10−5) for at least one other macronutrient. While the phenotypes are genetically correlated, each phenotype carries a partially unique genetic architecture. Relative protein intake exhibits the strongest relationships with poor health, including positive genetic associations with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease (rg ≈ 0.15–0.5). In contrast, relative carbohydrate and sugar intake have negative genetic correlations with waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and neighborhood deprivation (|rg| ≈ 0.1–0.3) and positive genetic correlations with physical activity (rg ≈ 0.1 and 0.2). Relative fat intake has no consistent pattern of genetic correlations with poor health but has a negative genetic correlation with educational attainment (rg ≈−0.1). Although our analyses do not allow us to draw causal conclusions, we find no evidence of negative health consequences associated with relative carbohydrate, sugar, or fat intake. However, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that relative protein intake plays a role in the etiology of metabolic dysfunction.
AB - We conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of relative intake from the macronutrients fat, protein, carbohydrates, and sugar in over 235,000 individuals of European ancestries. We identified 21 unique, approximately independent lead SNPs. Fourteen lead SNPs are uniquely associated with one macronutrient at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10−8), while five of the 21 lead SNPs reach suggestive significance (P < 1 × 10−5) for at least one other macronutrient. While the phenotypes are genetically correlated, each phenotype carries a partially unique genetic architecture. Relative protein intake exhibits the strongest relationships with poor health, including positive genetic associations with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease (rg ≈ 0.15–0.5). In contrast, relative carbohydrate and sugar intake have negative genetic correlations with waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and neighborhood deprivation (|rg| ≈ 0.1–0.3) and positive genetic correlations with physical activity (rg ≈ 0.1 and 0.2). Relative fat intake has no consistent pattern of genetic correlations with poor health but has a negative genetic correlation with educational attainment (rg ≈−0.1). Although our analyses do not allow us to draw causal conclusions, we find no evidence of negative health consequences associated with relative carbohydrate, sugar, or fat intake. However, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that relative protein intake plays a role in the etiology of metabolic dysfunction.
KW - Body Mass Index
KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
KW - Diet
KW - Genome-Wide Association Study
KW - Genomics
KW - Humans
KW - Life Style
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85084483822&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85084483822&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41380-020-0697-5
DO - 10.1038/s41380-020-0697-5
M3 - Article
C2 - 32393786
AN - SCOPUS:85084483822
SN - 1359-4184
VL - 26
SP - 2056
EP - 2069
JO - Molecular Psychiatry
JF - Molecular Psychiatry
IS - 6
ER -