TY - JOUR
T1 - Ghosts of the Black Decade
T2 - How legacies of violence shaped Algeria’s Hirak protests
AU - Kilavuz, M. Tahir
AU - Grewal, Sharan
AU - Kubinec, Robert
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank all of the Algerians who took the time to fill out our questionnaire. For helpful comments on earlier drafts, we thank Erica Chenoweth, Kathleen Cunningham, Sirianne Dahlum, Desiree Nilson, Isak Svensson, Ahmet Akbiyik, Omer Faruk Yalcin, and Middle East Initiative seminar participants. Finally, we appreciate Aida Bardissi for her assistance in historical data collection. The dataset of massacres was collected with the support from the Harvard Kennedy School’s Middle East Initiative. The survey was fielded with the generous funding of W&M’s Global Research Institute and was approved through W&M PHSC-2019-03-11-13532 and Princeton IRB #11581.
Funding Information:
The dataset of massacres was collected with the support from the Harvard Kennedy School’s Middle East Initiative. The survey was fielded with the generous funding of W&M’s Global Research Institute and was approved through W&M PHSC-2019-03-11-13532 and Princeton IRB #11581.
Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2023.
PY - 2023/1
Y1 - 2023/1
N2 - Episodes of mass political violence, such as genocide and civil war, have been thought to both encourage and discourage future political mobilization. We square these competing hypotheses by disaggregating between protest onset and resilience. We argue that exposure to mass violence decades ago should on average decrease protest onset, by heightening fears of repression and retribution. However, conditional on protesting, prior exposure to violence should increase protest longevity, by generating greater political grievances that fuel commitment to the cause. We find evidence of both effects in Algeria during the 2019–20 Hirak protests that toppled President Abdelaziz Bouteflika. Pairing an original dataset on massacres during the 1990s civil war with a rolling online survey of 18,000 Algerians in 2019–20, we find that areas exposed to greater violence in the 1990s had on average fewer, but more committed, protesters in 2019–20.
AB - Episodes of mass political violence, such as genocide and civil war, have been thought to both encourage and discourage future political mobilization. We square these competing hypotheses by disaggregating between protest onset and resilience. We argue that exposure to mass violence decades ago should on average decrease protest onset, by heightening fears of repression and retribution. However, conditional on protesting, prior exposure to violence should increase protest longevity, by generating greater political grievances that fuel commitment to the cause. We find evidence of both effects in Algeria during the 2019–20 Hirak protests that toppled President Abdelaziz Bouteflika. Pairing an original dataset on massacres during the 1990s civil war with a rolling online survey of 18,000 Algerians in 2019–20, we find that areas exposed to greater violence in the 1990s had on average fewer, but more committed, protesters in 2019–20.
KW - Algeria
KW - legacies of violence
KW - protest
KW - revolution
KW - survey
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U2 - 10.1177/00223433221137613
DO - 10.1177/00223433221137613
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85147707823
SN - 0022-3433
VL - 60
SP - 9
EP - 25
JO - Journal of Peace Research
JF - Journal of Peace Research
IS - 1
ER -