TY - JOUR
T1 - Gingival crevicular fluid levels of interleukin-1β and glycemic control in patients with chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes
AU - Engebretson, Steven P.
AU - Hey-Hadavi, Judith
AU - Ehrhardt, Fernando J.
AU - Hsu, Dan
AU - Celenti, Romi S.
AU - Grbic, John T.
AU - Lamster, Ira B.
PY - 2004/9
Y1 - 2004/9
N2 - Background: Patients with diabetes have increased incidence and severity of periodontal disease not accounted for by differences in the subgingival microbial infection. Poor glycemic control has been consistently associated with periodontal disease severity. Also, recent evidence suggests that hyperglycemia may induce inflammatory cytokine production. Few studies, however, have examined local biochemical measures of periodontal inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine whether glycemic control was related to gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Methods: GCF samples were collected from 45 patients with type 2 diabetes and untreated chronic periodontitis. Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), and attachment level (AL) were recorded at six sites per tooth. IL-1β levels were determined from individual GCF samples by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). Individual site and mean patient values were calculated. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were measured from anticoagulated whole blood using an automated affinity chromatography system. Serum glucose was also determined. Results: Clinical periodontal measures (PD, AL, BOP) and measures of glycemic control (HbA1c, random glucose) were significantly correlated with GCF IL-1β. Patients with greater than 8% HbA1c had significantly higher mean GCF IL-1β levels than patients with less than 8% HbA1c. In a multivariate model adjusting for age, gender, PD, AL, BOP, and PI, HbA1c and random glucose were independent predictors of high GCF IL-1β. Conclusions: Poor glycemic control is associated with elevated GCF IL-1β. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that hyperglycemia contributes to an heightened inflammatory response, and suggests a mechanism to account for the association between poor glycemic control and periodontal destruction.
AB - Background: Patients with diabetes have increased incidence and severity of periodontal disease not accounted for by differences in the subgingival microbial infection. Poor glycemic control has been consistently associated with periodontal disease severity. Also, recent evidence suggests that hyperglycemia may induce inflammatory cytokine production. Few studies, however, have examined local biochemical measures of periodontal inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine whether glycemic control was related to gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Methods: GCF samples were collected from 45 patients with type 2 diabetes and untreated chronic periodontitis. Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), and attachment level (AL) were recorded at six sites per tooth. IL-1β levels were determined from individual GCF samples by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). Individual site and mean patient values were calculated. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were measured from anticoagulated whole blood using an automated affinity chromatography system. Serum glucose was also determined. Results: Clinical periodontal measures (PD, AL, BOP) and measures of glycemic control (HbA1c, random glucose) were significantly correlated with GCF IL-1β. Patients with greater than 8% HbA1c had significantly higher mean GCF IL-1β levels than patients with less than 8% HbA1c. In a multivariate model adjusting for age, gender, PD, AL, BOP, and PI, HbA1c and random glucose were independent predictors of high GCF IL-1β. Conclusions: Poor glycemic control is associated with elevated GCF IL-1β. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that hyperglycemia contributes to an heightened inflammatory response, and suggests a mechanism to account for the association between poor glycemic control and periodontal destruction.
KW - Diabetes mellitus, non-insulin dependent
KW - Gingival crevicular fluid/chemistry
KW - Hemoglobin A, glycosylated
KW - Interleukin-1
KW - Periodontitis/etiology
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U2 - 10.1902/jop.2004.75.9.1203
DO - 10.1902/jop.2004.75.9.1203
M3 - Article
C2 - 15515334
AN - SCOPUS:7044234875
SN - 0022-3492
VL - 75
SP - 1203
EP - 1208
JO - Journal of periodontology
JF - Journal of periodontology
IS - 9
ER -