TY - JOUR
T1 - Government data v. ground observation for food-environment assessment
T2 - Businesses missed and misreported by city and state inspection records
AU - Lucan, Sean C.
AU - Maroko, Andrew R.
AU - Abrams, Courtney
AU - Rodriguez, Noemi
AU - Patel, Achint N.
AU - Gjonbalaj, Ilirjan
AU - Schechter, Clyde B.
AU - Elbel, Brian
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Authors 2019.
PY - 2020/6/1
Y1 - 2020/6/1
N2 - Objective: To assess the accuracy of government inspection records, relative to ground observation, for identifying businesses offering foods/drinks.Design: Agreement between city and state inspection records v. ground observations at two levels: businesses and street segments. Agreement could be 'strict' (by business name, e.g. 'Rizzo's') or 'lenient' (by business type, e.g. 'pizzeria'); using sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) for businesses and using sensitivity, PPV, specificity and negative predictive value (NPV) for street segments.Setting: The Bronx and the Upper East Side (UES), New York City, USA.Participants: All food/drink-offering businesses on sampled street segments (n 154 in the Bronx, n 51 in the UES).Results: By 'strict' criteria, sensitivity and PPV of government records for food/drink-offering businesses were 0·37 and 0·57 in the Bronx; 0·58 and 0·60 in the UES. 'Lenient' values were 0·40 and 0·62 in the Bronx; 0·60 and 0·62 in the UES. Sensitivity, PPV, specificity and NPV of government records for street segments having food/drink-offering businesses were 0·66, 0·73, 0·84 and 0·79 in the Bronx; 0·79, 0·92, 0·67, and 0·40 in the UES. In both areas, agreement varied by business category: restaurants; 'food stores'; and government-recognized other storefront businesses ('gov. OSB', i.e. dollar stores, gas stations, pharmacies). Additional business categories - 'other OSB' (barbers, laundromats, newsstands, etc.) and street vendors - were absent from government records; together, they represented 28·4 % of all food/drink-offering businesses in the Bronx, 22·2 % in the UES ('other OSB' and street vendors were sources of both healthful and less-healthful foods/drinks in both areas).Conclusions: Government records frequently miss or misrepresent businesses offering foods/drinks, suggesting caveats for food-environment assessments using such records.
AB - Objective: To assess the accuracy of government inspection records, relative to ground observation, for identifying businesses offering foods/drinks.Design: Agreement between city and state inspection records v. ground observations at two levels: businesses and street segments. Agreement could be 'strict' (by business name, e.g. 'Rizzo's') or 'lenient' (by business type, e.g. 'pizzeria'); using sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) for businesses and using sensitivity, PPV, specificity and negative predictive value (NPV) for street segments.Setting: The Bronx and the Upper East Side (UES), New York City, USA.Participants: All food/drink-offering businesses on sampled street segments (n 154 in the Bronx, n 51 in the UES).Results: By 'strict' criteria, sensitivity and PPV of government records for food/drink-offering businesses were 0·37 and 0·57 in the Bronx; 0·58 and 0·60 in the UES. 'Lenient' values were 0·40 and 0·62 in the Bronx; 0·60 and 0·62 in the UES. Sensitivity, PPV, specificity and NPV of government records for street segments having food/drink-offering businesses were 0·66, 0·73, 0·84 and 0·79 in the Bronx; 0·79, 0·92, 0·67, and 0·40 in the UES. In both areas, agreement varied by business category: restaurants; 'food stores'; and government-recognized other storefront businesses ('gov. OSB', i.e. dollar stores, gas stations, pharmacies). Additional business categories - 'other OSB' (barbers, laundromats, newsstands, etc.) and street vendors - were absent from government records; together, they represented 28·4 % of all food/drink-offering businesses in the Bronx, 22·2 % in the UES ('other OSB' and street vendors were sources of both healthful and less-healthful foods/drinks in both areas).Conclusions: Government records frequently miss or misrepresent businesses offering foods/drinks, suggesting caveats for food-environment assessments using such records.
KW - Food environment
KW - Food stores
KW - Mobile food vendors
KW - Restaurants
KW - Secondary data
KW - Street vendors
KW - Urban
KW - Validation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85082673765&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85082673765&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1017/S1368980019002982
DO - 10.1017/S1368980019002982
M3 - Article
C2 - 31680658
AN - SCOPUS:85082673765
SN - 1368-9800
VL - 23
SP - 1414
EP - 1427
JO - Public Health Nutrition
JF - Public Health Nutrition
IS - 8
ER -