TY - JOUR
T1 - Graphene, other carbon nanomaterials and the immune system
T2 - Toward nanoimmunity-by-design
AU - Gazzi, Arianna
AU - Fusco, Laura
AU - Orecchioni, Marco
AU - Ferrari, Silvia
AU - Franzoni, Giulia
AU - Yan, J. Stephen
AU - Rieckher, Matthias
AU - Peng, Guotao
AU - Lucherelli, Matteo Andrea
AU - Vacchi, Isabella Anna
AU - Quyen Chau, Ngoc Do
AU - Criado, Alejandro
AU - Istif, Akcan
AU - Mancino, Donato
AU - Dominguez, Antonio
AU - Eckert, Hagen
AU - Vázquez, Ester
AU - Ros, Tatiana Da
AU - Nicolussi, Paola
AU - Palermo, Vincenzo
AU - Schumacher, Björn
AU - Cuniberti, Gianaurelio
AU - Mai, Yiyong
AU - Clementi, Cecilia
AU - Pasquali, Matteo
AU - Feng, Xinliang
AU - Kostarelos, Kostas
AU - Yilmazer, Acelya
AU - Bedognetti, Davide
AU - Fadeel, Bengt
AU - Prato, Maurizio
AU - Bianco, Alberto
AU - Delogu, Lucia Gemma
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd
PY - 2020/7
Y1 - 2020/7
N2 - Carbon-based materials (CBMs), such as graphene, nanodiamonds, carbon fibers, and carbon dots, have attracted a great deal scientific attention due to their potential as biomedical tools. Following exposure, particularly intravenous injection, these nanomaterials can be recognized by immune cells. Such interactions could be modulated by the different physicochemical properties of the materials (e.g. structure, size, and chemical functions), by either stimulating or suppressing the immune response. However, a harmonized cutting-edge approach for the classification of these materials based not only on their physicochemical parameters but also their immune properties has been missing. The European Commission-funded G-IMMUNOMICS and CARBO-IMmap projects aimed to fill this gap, developing a functional pipeline for the qualitative and quantitative immune characterization of graphene, graphene-related materials (GRMs), and other CBMs. The goal was to open breakthrough perspectives for the definition of the immune profiles of these materials. Here, we summarize our methodological approach, key results, and the necessary multidisciplinary expertise ranging across various fields, from material chemistry to engineering, immunology, toxicology, and systems biology. G-IMMUNOMICS, as a partnering project of the Graphene Flagship, the largest scientific research initiative on graphene worldwide, also complemented the studies performed in the Flagship on health and environmental impact of GRMs. Finally, we present the nanoimmunity-by-design concept, developed within the projects, which can be readily applied to other 2D materials. Overall, the G-IMMUNOMICS and CARBO-IMmap projects have provided new insights on the immune impact of GRMs and CBMs, thus laying the foundation for their safe use and future translation in medicine.
AB - Carbon-based materials (CBMs), such as graphene, nanodiamonds, carbon fibers, and carbon dots, have attracted a great deal scientific attention due to their potential as biomedical tools. Following exposure, particularly intravenous injection, these nanomaterials can be recognized by immune cells. Such interactions could be modulated by the different physicochemical properties of the materials (e.g. structure, size, and chemical functions), by either stimulating or suppressing the immune response. However, a harmonized cutting-edge approach for the classification of these materials based not only on their physicochemical parameters but also their immune properties has been missing. The European Commission-funded G-IMMUNOMICS and CARBO-IMmap projects aimed to fill this gap, developing a functional pipeline for the qualitative and quantitative immune characterization of graphene, graphene-related materials (GRMs), and other CBMs. The goal was to open breakthrough perspectives for the definition of the immune profiles of these materials. Here, we summarize our methodological approach, key results, and the necessary multidisciplinary expertise ranging across various fields, from material chemistry to engineering, immunology, toxicology, and systems biology. G-IMMUNOMICS, as a partnering project of the Graphene Flagship, the largest scientific research initiative on graphene worldwide, also complemented the studies performed in the Flagship on health and environmental impact of GRMs. Finally, we present the nanoimmunity-by-design concept, developed within the projects, which can be readily applied to other 2D materials. Overall, the G-IMMUNOMICS and CARBO-IMmap projects have provided new insights on the immune impact of GRMs and CBMs, thus laying the foundation for their safe use and future translation in medicine.
KW - Carbon nanotubes
KW - Graphene
KW - Nanomedicine
KW - Nanosafety
KW - Nanotoxicology
KW - Single cell mass cytometry
KW - Systems biology
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85089526189&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1088/2515-7639/ab9317
DO - 10.1088/2515-7639/ab9317
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85089526189
SN - 2515-7639
VL - 3
JO - JPhys Materials
JF - JPhys Materials
IS - 3
M1 - 034009
ER -