@inproceedings{e558de9255474eff8064bc9243610609,
title = "Hand-held force magnifier for surgical instruments: Evolution toward a clinical device",
abstract = "We have developed a novel and relatively simple method for magnifying forces perceived by an operator using a surgical tool. A sensor measures force between the tip of a tool and its handle, and a proportionally greater force is created by an actuator between the handle and a brace attached to the operator's hand, providing an enhanced perception of forces at the tip of the tool. Magnifying forces in this manner may provide an improved ability to perform delicate surgical procedures. The device is completely hand-held and can thus be easily manipulated to a wide variety of locations and orientations. We have previously developed a prototype capable of amplifying forces only in the push direction, and which had a number of other limiting factors. We now present second-generation and third-generation devices, capable of both push and pull, and describe some of the engineering concerns in their design, as well as our future directions.",
keywords = "force magnifier, force-reflecting, haptics, microsurgery, robotic surgery, steady hand, touch",
author = "Randy Lee and Bing Wu and Roberta Klatzky and Vikas Shivaprabhu and John Galeotti and Samantha Horvath and Mel Siegel and Schuman, {Joel S.} and Ralph Hollis and George Stetten",
year = "2013",
doi = "10.1007/978-3-642-38085-3_9",
language = "English (US)",
isbn = "9783642380846",
series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)",
pages = "77--89",
booktitle = "Augmented Environments for Computer-Assisted Interventions - 7th International Workshop, AE-CAI 2012, Held in Conjunction with MICCAI 2012, Revised Selected Papers",
note = "7th International Workshop on Augmented Environments for Computer-Assisted Interventions, AE-CAI 2012, Held in Conjunction with MICCAI 2012 ; Conference date: 05-10-2013 Through 05-10-2013",
}