@article{338dcebc37f047989ba656bcf71b0b02,
title = "Haptic codecs for the tactile internet",
abstract = "The Tactile Internet will enable users to physically explore remote environments and to make their skills available across distances. An important technological aspect in this context is the acquisition, compression, transmission, and display of haptic information. In this paper, we present the fundamentals and state of the art in haptic codec design for the Tactile Internet. The discussion covers both kinesthetic data reduction and tactile signal compression approaches. We put a special focus on how limitations of the human haptic perception system can be exploited for efficient perceptual coding of kinesthetic and tactile information. Further aspects addressed in this paper are the multiplexing of audio and video with haptic information and the quality evaluation of haptic communication solutions. Finally, we describe the current status of the ongoing IEEE standardization activity P1918.1.1 which has the ambition to standardize the first set of codecs for kinesthetic and tactile information exchange across communication networks.",
keywords = "Haptic codecs, Tactile Internet, haptics, perceptual coding",
author = "Eckehard Steinbach and Matti Strese and Mohamad Eid and Xun Liu and Amit Bhardwaj and Qian Liu and Mohammad Al-Ja'Afreh and Toktam Mahmoodi and Rania Hassen and {El Saddik}, Abdulmotaleb and Oliver Holland",
note = "Funding Information: Manuscript received December 19, 2017; revised July 4, 2018; accepted August 24, 2018. Date of publication September 24, 2018; date of current version January 22, 2019. This work was supported in part by the German Research Foundation (DFG) under Projects STE 1093/6-1 and STE 1093/8-1, by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61761136019, by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant DUT18JC17, and by the Ericsson 5G Tactile Internet Industry Grant to Kings College London. This work was performed in part in the framework of the H2020-ICT-2014-2 Project 5G NORMA (http://5gnorma.5g-ppp.eu) part of the UK DCMS 5GUK Project. The work of A. Bhardwaj and R. Hassen was supported in part by the Alexander-von-Humboldt Foundation under a research fellowship at the Technical University of Munich. (Corresponding author: Eckehard Steinbach.) E. Steinbach, M. Strese, and A. Bhardwaj are with the Chair of Media Technology, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany (e-mail: eckehard.steinbach@tum.de). M. Eid is with the Electrical and Computer Engineering in the Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. X. Liu, T. Mahmoodi, and O. Holland are with the Department of Informatics, Kings College London, London WC2R 2LS, U.K. Q. Liu is with the Department of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China. M. Al-Ja{\textquoteright}afreh and A. El Saddik are with the Multimedia Communications Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N5N6, Canada. R. Hassen is with the Chair of Media Technology, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany, and also with the Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computers and Information, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 1963-2012 IEEE.",
year = "2019",
month = feb,
doi = "10.1109/JPROC.2018.2867835",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "107",
pages = "447--470",
journal = "Proceedings of the IEEE",
issn = "0018-9219",
publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",
number = "2",
}