TY - JOUR
T1 - Heat-transfer model for toroidal transformers
AU - Purushothaman, Sujit
AU - De León, Francisco
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received May 11, 2011; revised December 12, 2011; accepted January 22, 2012. Date of publication March 06, 2012; date of current version March 28, 2012. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant DEOE0000072. Paper no. TPWRD-00390-2011. The authors are with the Polytechnic Institute of New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA (e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]). Color versions of one or more of the figures in this paper are available online at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org. Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TPWRD.2012.2185956
PY - 2012/4
Y1 - 2012/4
N2 - Toroidal transformers provide increased design flexibility, efficiency, and compact design when compared to traditional shell- or core-type transformers. In this paper, the steady-state thermal analysis for toroidal transformers is conducted using a lumped parameter model which can be applied to small power and distribution-grade toroidal transformers as well. Two cases are considered: 1) when the transformer is kept in open air and 2) when it is installed in sealed enclosures. The detailed model includes the effects of the number of turns of windings, number of layers, insulation properties, and geometric properties of the transformer. The model is capable of finding the hotspots that are of paramount importance for the designer. The model parameters are calculated from the design (geometrical) information; therefore, it is suitable to be included in the design loop of transformer design software. The results are compared with finite-element simulations and lab tests on prototypes of various power ratings fitted with thermocouples to record internal temperatures. The model can also be used with varied external media and encapsulation, such as air, oil, and epoxy.
AB - Toroidal transformers provide increased design flexibility, efficiency, and compact design when compared to traditional shell- or core-type transformers. In this paper, the steady-state thermal analysis for toroidal transformers is conducted using a lumped parameter model which can be applied to small power and distribution-grade toroidal transformers as well. Two cases are considered: 1) when the transformer is kept in open air and 2) when it is installed in sealed enclosures. The detailed model includes the effects of the number of turns of windings, number of layers, insulation properties, and geometric properties of the transformer. The model is capable of finding the hotspots that are of paramount importance for the designer. The model parameters are calculated from the design (geometrical) information; therefore, it is suitable to be included in the design loop of transformer design software. The results are compared with finite-element simulations and lab tests on prototypes of various power ratings fitted with thermocouples to record internal temperatures. The model can also be used with varied external media and encapsulation, such as air, oil, and epoxy.
KW - Equivalent thermal circuit
KW - finite-element method
KW - heat transfer
KW - thermal rating
KW - toroidal transformers
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U2 - 10.1109/TPWRD.2012.2185956
DO - 10.1109/TPWRD.2012.2185956
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84859775652
SN - 0885-8977
VL - 27
SP - 813
EP - 820
JO - IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery
JF - IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery
IS - 2
M1 - 6165402
ER -