Hedgehog spin texture and Berryg's phase tuning in a magnetic topological insulator

Su Yang Xu; Madhab Neupane; Chang Liu; Duming Zhang; Anthony Richardella; L. Andrew Wray; Nasser Alidoust; Mats Leandersson; Thiagarajan Balasubramanian; Jaime Sánchez-Barriga; Oliver Rader; Gabriel Landolt; Bartosz Slomski; Jan Hugo Dil; Jürg Osterwalder; Tay Rong Chang; Horng Tay Jeng; Hsin Lin; Arun Bansil; Nitin Samarth; M. Zahid Hasan

doi:10.1038/nphys2351

Hedgehog spin texture and Berryg's phase tuning in a magnetic topological insulator

Su Yang Xu, Madhab Neupane, Chang Liu, Duming Zhang, Anthony Richardella, L. Andrew Wray, Nasser Alidoust, Mats Leandersson, Thiagarajan Balasubramanian, Jaime Sánchez-Barriga, Oliver Rader, Gabriel Landolt, Bartosz Slomski, Jan Hugo Dil, Jürg Osterwalder, Tay Rong Chang, Horng Tay Jeng, Hsin Lin, Arun Bansil, Nitin SamarthM. Zahid Hasan

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Understanding and control of spin degrees of freedom on the surfaces of topological materials are key to future applications as well as for realizing novel physics such as the axion electrodynamics associated with time-reversal (TR) symmetry breaking on the surface. We experimentally demonstrate magnetically induced spin reorientation phenomena simultaneous with a Dirac-metal to gapped-insulator transition on the surfaces of manganese-doped Bi 2 Se 3 thin films. The resulting electronic groundstate exhibits unique hedgehog-like spin textures at low energies, which directly demonstrate the mechanics of TR symmetry breaking on the surface. We further show that an insulating gap induced by quantum tunnelling between surfaces exhibits spin texture modulation at low energies but respects TR invariance. These spin phenomena and the control of their Fermi surface geometrical phase first demonstrated in our experiments pave the way for the future realization of many predicted exotic magnetic phenomena of topological origin.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	616-622
Number of pages	7
Journal	Nature Physics
Volume	8
Issue number	8
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys2351
State	Published - Aug 2012

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Physics and Astronomy

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Xu, S. Y., Neupane, M., Liu, C., Zhang, D., Richardella, A., Andrew Wray, L., Alidoust, N., Leandersson, M., Balasubramanian, T., Sánchez-Barriga, J., Rader, O., Landolt, G., Slomski, B., Hugo Dil, J., Osterwalder, J., Chang, T. R., Jeng, H. T., Lin, H., Bansil, A., ... Zahid Hasan, M. (2012). Hedgehog spin texture and Berryg's phase tuning in a magnetic topological insulator. Nature Physics, 8(8), 616-622. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys2351

Xu, SY, Neupane, M, Liu, C, Zhang, D, Richardella, A, Andrew Wray, L, Alidoust, N, Leandersson, M, Balasubramanian, T, Sánchez-Barriga, J, Rader, O, Landolt, G, Slomski, B, Hugo Dil, J, Osterwalder, J, Chang, TR, Jeng, HT, Lin, H, Bansil, A, Samarth, N & Zahid Hasan, M 2012, 'Hedgehog spin texture and Berryg's phase tuning in a magnetic topological insulator', Nature Physics, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 616-622. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys2351

@article{89b1ff6aa8ae44728672627b93f4ea98,

title = "Hedgehog spin texture and Berryg's phase tuning in a magnetic topological insulator",

abstract = "Understanding and control of spin degrees of freedom on the surfaces of topological materials are key to future applications as well as for realizing novel physics such as the axion electrodynamics associated with time-reversal (TR) symmetry breaking on the surface. We experimentally demonstrate magnetically induced spin reorientation phenomena simultaneous with a Dirac-metal to gapped-insulator transition on the surfaces of manganese-doped Bi 2 Se 3 thin films. The resulting electronic groundstate exhibits unique hedgehog-like spin textures at low energies, which directly demonstrate the mechanics of TR symmetry breaking on the surface. We further show that an insulating gap induced by quantum tunnelling between surfaces exhibits spin texture modulation at low energies but respects TR invariance. These spin phenomena and the control of their Fermi surface geometrical phase first demonstrated in our experiments pave the way for the future realization of many predicted exotic magnetic phenomena of topological origin.",

author = "Xu, {Su Yang} and Madhab Neupane and Chang Liu and Duming Zhang and Anthony Richardella and {Andrew Wray}, L. and Nasser Alidoust and Mats Leandersson and Thiagarajan Balasubramanian and Jaime S{\'a}nchez-Barriga and Oliver Rader and Gabriel Landolt and Bartosz Slomski and {Hugo Dil}, Jan and J{\"u}rg Osterwalder and Chang, {Tay Rong} and Jeng, {Horng Tay} and Hsin Lin and Arun Bansil and Nitin Samarth and {Zahid Hasan}, M.",

note = "Funding Information: Work at Princeton University is supported by the US National Science Foundation Grant, NSF-DMR-1006492. M.Z.H. acknowledges visiting-scientist support from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and additional partial support from the A. P. Sloan Foundation and NSF-DMR-0819860. The spin-resolved and spin-integrated photoemission measurements using synchrotron X-ray facilities are supported by the Swedish Research Council, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the Swiss Light Source, the Swiss National Science Foundation, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, and the Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy. Theoretical computations are supported by the US Department of Energy (DE-FG02-07ER46352 and AC03-76SF00098) as well as the National Science Council and Academia Sinica in Taiwan, and benefited from the allocation of supercomputer time at NERSC and Northeastern University{\textquoteright}s Advanced Scientific Computation Center. Sample growth and characterization are supported by US DARPA (N66001-11-1-4110). We gratefully acknowledge A. Preobrajenski for beamline assistance on XMCD measurements (supported by DE-FG02-05ER46200) at the D1011 beamline at Maxlab in Lund, Sweden. We acknowledge helpful discussions with S-Q. Shen and L. Balents. We also thank S-K. Mo and A. Fedorov for beamline assistance on spin-integrated photoemission measurements (supported by DE-FG02-05ER46200) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (The synchrotron facility is supported by the US DOE).",

year = "2012",

month = aug,

doi = "10.1038/nphys2351",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "8",

pages = "616--622",

journal = "Nature Physics",

issn = "1745-2473",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Hedgehog spin texture and Berryg's phase tuning in a magnetic topological insulator

AU - Xu, Su Yang

AU - Neupane, Madhab

AU - Liu, Chang

AU - Zhang, Duming

AU - Richardella, Anthony

AU - Andrew Wray, L.

AU - Alidoust, Nasser

AU - Leandersson, Mats

AU - Balasubramanian, Thiagarajan

AU - Sánchez-Barriga, Jaime

AU - Rader, Oliver

AU - Landolt, Gabriel

AU - Slomski, Bartosz

AU - Hugo Dil, Jan

AU - Osterwalder, Jürg

AU - Chang, Tay Rong

AU - Jeng, Horng Tay

AU - Lin, Hsin

AU - Bansil, Arun

AU - Samarth, Nitin

AU - Zahid Hasan, M.

N1 - Funding Information: Work at Princeton University is supported by the US National Science Foundation Grant, NSF-DMR-1006492. M.Z.H. acknowledges visiting-scientist support from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and additional partial support from the A. P. Sloan Foundation and NSF-DMR-0819860. The spin-resolved and spin-integrated photoemission measurements using synchrotron X-ray facilities are supported by the Swedish Research Council, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the Swiss Light Source, the Swiss National Science Foundation, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, and the Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy. Theoretical computations are supported by the US Department of Energy (DE-FG02-07ER46352 and AC03-76SF00098) as well as the National Science Council and Academia Sinica in Taiwan, and benefited from the allocation of supercomputer time at NERSC and Northeastern University’s Advanced Scientific Computation Center. Sample growth and characterization are supported by US DARPA (N66001-11-1-4110). We gratefully acknowledge A. Preobrajenski for beamline assistance on XMCD measurements (supported by DE-FG02-05ER46200) at the D1011 beamline at Maxlab in Lund, Sweden. We acknowledge helpful discussions with S-Q. Shen and L. Balents. We also thank S-K. Mo and A. Fedorov for beamline assistance on spin-integrated photoemission measurements (supported by DE-FG02-05ER46200) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (The synchrotron facility is supported by the US DOE).

PY - 2012/8

Y1 - 2012/8

N2 - Understanding and control of spin degrees of freedom on the surfaces of topological materials are key to future applications as well as for realizing novel physics such as the axion electrodynamics associated with time-reversal (TR) symmetry breaking on the surface. We experimentally demonstrate magnetically induced spin reorientation phenomena simultaneous with a Dirac-metal to gapped-insulator transition on the surfaces of manganese-doped Bi 2 Se 3 thin films. The resulting electronic groundstate exhibits unique hedgehog-like spin textures at low energies, which directly demonstrate the mechanics of TR symmetry breaking on the surface. We further show that an insulating gap induced by quantum tunnelling between surfaces exhibits spin texture modulation at low energies but respects TR invariance. These spin phenomena and the control of their Fermi surface geometrical phase first demonstrated in our experiments pave the way for the future realization of many predicted exotic magnetic phenomena of topological origin.

AB - Understanding and control of spin degrees of freedom on the surfaces of topological materials are key to future applications as well as for realizing novel physics such as the axion electrodynamics associated with time-reversal (TR) symmetry breaking on the surface. We experimentally demonstrate magnetically induced spin reorientation phenomena simultaneous with a Dirac-metal to gapped-insulator transition on the surfaces of manganese-doped Bi 2 Se 3 thin films. The resulting electronic groundstate exhibits unique hedgehog-like spin textures at low energies, which directly demonstrate the mechanics of TR symmetry breaking on the surface. We further show that an insulating gap induced by quantum tunnelling between surfaces exhibits spin texture modulation at low energies but respects TR invariance. These spin phenomena and the control of their Fermi surface geometrical phase first demonstrated in our experiments pave the way for the future realization of many predicted exotic magnetic phenomena of topological origin.

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JF - Nature Physics

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Hedgehog spin texture and Berryg's phase tuning in a magnetic topological insulator

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