Abstract
We introduce a hybrid CMOS-graphene sensor array for subsecond measurement of dopamine via fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). The prototype chip has four independent CMOS readout channels, fabricated in a 65-nm process. Using planar multilayer graphene as biologically compatible sensing material enables integration of miniaturized sensing electrodes directly above the readout channels. Taking advantage of the chemical specificity of FSCV, we introduce a region of interest technique, which subtracts a large portion of the background current using a programmable low-noise constant current at about the redox potentials. We demonstrate the utility of this feature for enhancing the sensitivity by measuring the sensor response to a known dopamine concentration in vitro at three different scan rates. This strategy further allows us to significantly reduce the dynamic range requirements of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) without compromising the measurement accuracy. We show that an integrating dual-slope ADC is adequate for digitizing the background-subtracted current. The ADC operates at a sampling frequency of 5-10 kHz and has an effective resolution of about 60 pA, which corresponds to a theoretical dopamine detection limit of about 6 nM. Our hybrid sensing platform offers an effective solution for implementing next-generation FSCV devices that can enable precise recording of dopamine signaling in vivo on a large scale.
Original language | English (US) |
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Article number | 8187660 |
Pages (from-to) | 1192-1203 |
Number of pages | 12 |
Journal | IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems |
Volume | 11 |
Issue number | 6 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Dec 2017 |
Keywords
- Biosensor
- FSCV
- cyclic voltammetry
- dopamine
- dual-slope ADC
- electrochemical sensor
- graphene
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biomedical Engineering
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering