IceTop: The surface component of IceCube

R. Abbasi; Y. Abdou; M. Ackermann; J. Adams; J. A. Aguilar; M. Ahlers; D. Altmann; K. Andeen; J. Auffenberg; X. Bai; M. Baker; S. W. Barwick; V. Baum; R. Bay; K. Beattie; J. J. Beatty; S. Bechet; J. Becker Tjus; K. H. Becker; M. Bell; M. L. Benabderrahmane; S. Benzvi; J. Berdermann; P. Berghaus; D. Berley; E. Bernardini; D. Bertrand; D. Z. Besson; D. Bindig; M. Bissok; E. Blaufuss; J. Blumenthal; D. J. Boersma; C. Bohm; D. Bose; S. Böser; O. Botner; L. Brayeur; A. M. Brown; R. Bruijn; J. Brunner; S. Buitink; K. S. Caballero-Mora; M. Carson; J. Casey; M. Casier; D. Chirkin; B. Christy; F. Clevermann; S. Cohen; D. F. Cowen; A. H. Cruz Silva; M. Danninger; J. Daughhetee; J. C. Davis; C. De Clercq; F. Descamps; P. Desiati; G. De Vries-Uiterweerd; T. Deyoung; J. C. Díaz-Vélez; J. Dreyer; J. P. Dumm; M. Dunkman; R. Eagan; J. Eisch; C. Elliott; R. W. Ellsworth; O. Engdegård; S. Euler; P. A. Evenson; O. Fadiran; A. R. Fazely; A. Fedynitch; J. Feintzeig; T. Feusels; K. Filimonov; C. Finley; T. Fischer-Wasels; S. Flis; A. Franckowiak; R. Franke; K. Frantzen; T. Fuchs; T. K. Gaisser; J. Gallagher; L. Gerhardt; L. Gladstone; T. Glüsenkamp; A. Goldschmidt; J. A. Goodman; D. Góra; D. Grant; A. Groß; S. Grullon; M. Gurtner; C. Ha; A. Haj Ismail; A. Hallgren; F. Halzen; K. Hanson; D. Heereman; P. Heimann; D. Heinen; K. Helbing; R. Hellauer; S. Hickford; G. C. Hill; K. D. Hoffman; R. Hoffmann; A. Homeier; K. Hoshina; W. Huelsnitz; P. O. Hulth; K. Hultqvist; S. Hussain; A. Ishihara; E. Jacobi; J. Jacobsen; G. S. Japaridze; O. Jlelati; H. Johansson; A. Kappes; T. Karg; A. Karle; J. Kiryluk; F. Kislat; J. Kläs; S. R. Klein; S. Klepser; J. H. Köhne; G. Kohnen; H. Kolanoski; L. Köpke; C. Kopper; S. Kopper; D. J. Koskinen; M. Kowalski; M. Krasberg; G. Kroll; J. Kunnen; N. Kurahashi; T. Kuwabara; M. Labare; K. Laihem; H. Landsman; M. J. Larson; R. Lauer; M. Lesiak-Bzdak; J. Lünemann; J. Madsen; R. Maruyama; K. Mase; H. S. Matis; A. McDermott; F. McNally; K. Meagher; M. Merck; P. Mészáros; T. Meures; S. Miarecki; E. Middell; N. Milke; J. Miller; L. Mohrmann; T. Montaruli; R. Morse; S. M. Movit; R. Nahnhauer; U. Naumann; P. Nießen; S. C. Nowicki; D. R. Nygren; A. Obertacke; S. Odrowski; A. Olivas; M. Olivo; A. O'Murchadha; S. Panknin; L. Paul; J. A. Pepper; C. Pérez De Los Heros; D. Pieloth; N. Pirk; J. Posselt; P. B. Price; G. T. Przybylski; L. Rädel; K. Rawlins; P. Redl; E. Resconi; W. Rhode; M. Ribordy; M. Richman; B. Riedel; J. P. Rodrigues; J. Roth; F. Rothmaier; C. Rott; C. Roucelle; T. Ruhe; D. Rutledge; B. Ruzybayev; D. Ryckbosch; S. M. Saba; T. Salameh; H. G. Sander; M. Santander; S. Sarkar; K. Schatto; M. Scheel; F. Scheriau; T. Schmidt; M. Schmitz; S. Schoenen; S. Schöneberg; L. Schönherr; A. Schönwald; A. Schukraft; L. Schulte; O. Schulz; D. Seckel; S. H. Seo; Y. Sestayo; S. Seunarine; L. Shulman; M. W.E. Smith; M. Soiron; D. Soldin; G. M. Spiczak; C. Spiering; M. Stamatikos; T. Stanev; A. Stasik; T. Stezelberger; R. G. Stokstad; A. Stößl; S. Stoyanov; E. A. Strahler; R. Ström; K. H. Sulanke; G. W. Sullivan; H. Taavola; I. Taboada; A. Tamburro; S. Ter-Antonyan; S. Tilav; P. A. Toale; S. Toscano; M. Usner; D. Van Der Drift; N. Van Eijndhoven; A. Van Overloop; J. Van Santen; M. Vehring; M. Voge; C. Walck; T. Waldenmaier; M. Wallraff; M. Walter; R. Wasserman; Ch Weaver; C. Wendt; S. Westerhoff; N. Whitehorn; K. Wiebe; C. H. Wiebusch; D. R. Williams; H. Wissing; M. Wolf; T. R. Wood; K. Woschnagg; C. Xu; D. L. Xu; X. W. Xu; J. P. Yanez; G. Yodh; S. Yoshida; P. Zarzhitsky; J. Ziemann; A. Zilles; M. Zoll

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2012.10.067

IceTop: The surface component of IceCube

R. Abbasi, Y. Abdou, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, D. Altmann, K. Andeen, J. Auffenberg, X. Bai, M. Baker, S. W. Barwick, V. Baum, R. Bay, K. Beattie, J. J. Beatty, S. Bechet, J. Becker Tjus, K. H. Becker, M. BellM. L. Benabderrahmane, S. Benzvi, J. Berdermann, P. Berghaus, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Bertrand, D. Z. Besson, D. Bindig, M. Bissok, E. Blaufuss, J. Blumenthal, D. J. Boersma, C. Bohm, D. Bose, S. Böser, O. Botner, L. Brayeur, A. M. Brown, R. Bruijn, J. Brunner, S. Buitink, K. S. Caballero-Mora, M. Carson, J. Casey, M. Casier, D. Chirkin, B. Christy, F. Clevermann, S. Cohen, D. F. Cowen, A. H. Cruz Silva, M. Danninger, J. Daughhetee, J. C. Davis, C. De Clercq, F. Descamps, P. Desiati, G. De Vries-Uiterweerd, T. Deyoung, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, J. Dreyer, J. P. Dumm, M. Dunkman, R. Eagan, J. Eisch, C. Elliott, R. W. Ellsworth, O. Engdegård, S. Euler, P. A. Evenson, O. Fadiran, A. R. Fazely, A. Fedynitch, J. Feintzeig, T. Feusels, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, T. Fischer-Wasels, S. Flis, A. Franckowiak, R. Franke, K. Frantzen, T. Fuchs, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, L. Gerhardt, L. Gladstone, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, J. A. Goodman, D. Góra, D. Grant, A. Groß, S. Grullon, M. Gurtner, C. Ha, A. Haj Ismail, A. Hallgren, F. Halzen, K. Hanson, D. Heereman, P. Heimann, D. Heinen, K. Helbing, R. Hellauer, S. Hickford, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, A. Homeier, K. Hoshina, W. Huelsnitz, P. O. Hulth, K. Hultqvist, S. Hussain, A. Ishihara, E. Jacobi, J. Jacobsen, G. S. Japaridze, O. Jlelati, H. Johansson, A. Kappes, T. Karg, A. Karle, J. Kiryluk, F. Kislat, J. Kläs, S. R. Klein, S. Klepser, J. H. Köhne, G. Kohnen, H. Kolanoski, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, M. Kowalski, M. Krasberg, G. Kroll, J. Kunnen, N. Kurahashi, T. Kuwabara, M. Labare, K. Laihem, H. Landsman, M. J. Larson, R. Lauer, M. Lesiak-Bzdak, J. Lünemann, J. Madsen, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, H. S. Matis, A. McDermott, F. McNally, K. Meagher, M. Merck, P. Mészáros, T. Meures, S. Miarecki, E. Middell, N. Milke, J. Miller, L. Mohrmann, T. Montaruli, R. Morse, S. M. Movit, R. Nahnhauer, U. Naumann, P. Nießen, S. C. Nowicki, D. R. Nygren, A. Obertacke, S. Odrowski, A. Olivas, M. Olivo, A. O'Murchadha, S. Panknin, L. Paul, J. A. Pepper, C. Pérez De Los Heros, D. Pieloth, N. Pirk, J. Posselt, P. B. Price, G. T. Przybylski, L. Rädel, K. Rawlins, P. Redl, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Ribordy, M. Richman, B. Riedel, J. P. Rodrigues, J. Roth, F. Rothmaier, C. Rott, C. Roucelle, T. Ruhe, D. Rutledge, B. Ruzybayev, D. Ryckbosch, S. M. Saba, T. Salameh, H. G. Sander, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, K. Schatto, M. Scheel, F. Scheriau, T. Schmidt, M. Schmitz, S. Schoenen, S. Schöneberg, L. Schönherr, A. Schönwald, A. Schukraft, L. Schulte, O. Schulz, D. Seckel, S. H. Seo, Y. Sestayo, S. Seunarine, L. Shulman, M. W.E. Smith, M. Soiron, D. Soldin, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, A. Stasik, T. Stezelberger, R. G. Stokstad, A. Stößl, S. Stoyanov, E. A. Strahler, R. Ström, K. H. Sulanke, G. W. Sullivan, H. Taavola, I. Taboada, A. Tamburro, S. Ter-Antonyan, S. Tilav, P. A. Toale, S. Toscano, M. Usner, D. Van Der Drift, N. Van Eijndhoven, A. Van Overloop, J. Van Santen, M. Vehring, M. Voge, C. Walck, T. Waldenmaier, M. Wallraff, M. Walter, R. Wasserman, Ch Weaver, C. Wendt, S. Westerhoff, N. Whitehorn, K. Wiebe, C. H. Wiebusch, D. R. Williams, H. Wissing, M. Wolf, T. R. Wood, K. Woschnagg, C. Xu, D. L. Xu, X. W. Xu, J. P. Yanez, G. Yodh, S. Yoshida, P. Zarzhitsky, J. Ziemann, A. Zilles, M. Zoll

Physics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

IceTop, the surface component of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole, is an air shower array with an area of 1 km². The detector allows a detailed exploration of the mass composition of primary cosmic rays in the energy range from about 100 TeV to 1 EeV by exploiting the correlation between the shower energy measured in IceTop and the energy deposited by muons in the deep ice. In this paper we report on the technical design, construction and installation, the trigger and data acquisition systems as well as the software framework for calibration, reconstruction and simulation. Finally the first experience from commissioning and operating the detector and the performance as an air shower detector will be discussed.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	188-220
Number of pages	33
Journal	Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Volume	700
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2012.10.067
State	Published - Jul 21 2013

Keywords

Air shower
Cosmic rays
Detector
IceCube
IceTop

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Instrumentation

Access to Document

10.1016/j.nima.2012.10.067

Cite this

Abbasi, R., Abdou, Y., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Altmann, D., Andeen, K., Auffenberg, J., Bai, X., Baker, M., Barwick, S. W., Baum, V., Bay, R., Beattie, K., Beatty, J. J., Bechet, S., Becker Tjus, J., Becker, K. H., ... Zoll, M. (2013). IceTop: The surface component of IceCube. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 700, 188-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2012.10.067

Abbasi, R, Abdou, Y, Ackermann, M, Adams, J, Aguilar, JA, Ahlers, M, Altmann, D, Andeen, K, Auffenberg, J, Bai, X, Baker, M, Barwick, SW, Baum, V, Bay, R, Beattie, K, Beatty, JJ, Bechet, S, Becker Tjus, J, Becker, KH, Bell, M, Benabderrahmane, ML, Benzvi, S, Berdermann, J, Berghaus, P, Berley, D, Bernardini, E, Bertrand, D, Besson, DZ, Bindig, D, Bissok, M, Blaufuss, E, Blumenthal, J, Boersma, DJ, Bohm, C, Bose, D, Böser, S, Botner, O, Brayeur, L, Brown, AM, Bruijn, R, Brunner, J, Buitink, S, Caballero-Mora, KS, Carson, M, Casey, J, Casier, M, Chirkin, D, Christy, B, Clevermann, F, Cohen, S, Cowen, DF, Cruz Silva, AH, Danninger, M, Daughhetee, J, Davis, JC, De Clercq, C, Descamps, F, Desiati, P, De Vries-Uiterweerd, G, Deyoung, T, Díaz-Vélez, JC, Dreyer, J, Dumm, JP, Dunkman, M, Eagan, R, Eisch, J, Elliott, C, Ellsworth, RW, Engdegård, O, Euler, S, Evenson, PA, Fadiran, O, Fazely, AR, Fedynitch, A, Feintzeig, J, Feusels, T, Filimonov, K, Finley, C, Fischer-Wasels, T, Flis, S, Franckowiak, A, Franke, R, Frantzen, K, Fuchs, T, Gaisser, TK, Gallagher, J, Gerhardt, L, Gladstone, L, Glüsenkamp, T, Goldschmidt, A, Goodman, JA, Góra, D, Grant, D, Groß, A, Grullon, S, Gurtner, M, Ha, C, Haj Ismail, A, Hallgren, A, Halzen, F, Hanson, K, Heereman, D, Heimann, P, Heinen, D, Helbing, K, Hellauer, R, Hickford, S, Hill, GC, Hoffman, KD, Hoffmann, R, Homeier, A, Hoshina, K, Huelsnitz, W, Hulth, PO, Hultqvist, K, Hussain, S, Ishihara, A, Jacobi, E, Jacobsen, J, Japaridze, GS, Jlelati, O, Johansson, H, Kappes, A, Karg, T, Karle, A, Kiryluk, J, Kislat, F, Kläs, J, Klein, SR, Klepser, S, Köhne, JH, Kohnen, G, Kolanoski, H, Köpke, L, Kopper, C, Kopper, S, Koskinen, DJ, Kowalski, M, Krasberg, M, Kroll, G, Kunnen, J, Kurahashi, N, Kuwabara, T, Labare, M, Laihem, K, Landsman, H, Larson, MJ, Lauer, R, Lesiak-Bzdak, M, Lünemann, J, Madsen, J, Maruyama, R, Mase, K, Matis, HS, McDermott, A, McNally, F, Meagher, K, Merck, M, Mészáros, P, Meures, T, Miarecki, S, Middell, E, Milke, N, Miller, J, Mohrmann, L, Montaruli, T, Morse, R, Movit, SM, Nahnhauer, R, Naumann, U, Nießen, P, Nowicki, SC, Nygren, DR, Obertacke, A, Odrowski, S, Olivas, A, Olivo, M, O'Murchadha, A, Panknin, S, Paul, L, Pepper, JA, Pérez De Los Heros, C, Pieloth, D, Pirk, N, Posselt, J, Price, PB, Przybylski, GT, Rädel, L, Rawlins, K, Redl, P, Resconi, E, Rhode, W, Ribordy, M, Richman, M, Riedel, B, Rodrigues, JP, Roth, J, Rothmaier, F, Rott, C, Roucelle, C, Ruhe, T, Rutledge, D, Ruzybayev, B, Ryckbosch, D, Saba, SM, Salameh, T, Sander, HG, Santander, M, Sarkar, S, Schatto, K, Scheel, M, Scheriau, F, Schmidt, T, Schmitz, M, Schoenen, S, Schöneberg, S, Schönherr, L, Schönwald, A, Schukraft, A, Schulte, L, Schulz, O, Seckel, D, Seo, SH, Sestayo, Y, Seunarine, S, Shulman, L, Smith, MWE, Soiron, M, Soldin, D, Spiczak, GM, Spiering, C, Stamatikos, M, Stanev, T, Stasik, A, Stezelberger, T, Stokstad, RG, Stößl, A, Stoyanov, S, Strahler, EA, Ström, R, Sulanke, KH, Sullivan, GW, Taavola, H, Taboada, I, Tamburro, A, Ter-Antonyan, S, Tilav, S, Toale, PA, Toscano, S, Usner, M, Van Der Drift, D, Van Eijndhoven, N, Van Overloop, A, Van Santen, J, Vehring, M, Voge, M, Walck, C, Waldenmaier, T, Wallraff, M, Walter, M, Wasserman, R, Weaver, C, Wendt, C, Westerhoff, S, Whitehorn, N, Wiebe, K, Wiebusch, CH, Williams, DR, Wissing, H, Wolf, M, Wood, TR, Woschnagg, K, Xu, C, Xu, DL, Xu, XW, Yanez, JP, Yodh, G, Yoshida, S, Zarzhitsky, P, Ziemann, J, Zilles, A & Zoll, M 2013, 'IceTop: The surface component of IceCube', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 700, pp. 188-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2012.10.067

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title = "IceTop: The surface component of IceCube",

abstract = "IceTop, the surface component of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole, is an air shower array with an area of 1 km2. The detector allows a detailed exploration of the mass composition of primary cosmic rays in the energy range from about 100 TeV to 1 EeV by exploiting the correlation between the shower energy measured in IceTop and the energy deposited by muons in the deep ice. In this paper we report on the technical design, construction and installation, the trigger and data acquisition systems as well as the software framework for calibration, reconstruction and simulation. Finally the first experience from commissioning and operating the detector and the performance as an air shower detector will be discussed.",

keywords = "Air shower, Cosmic rays, Detector, IceCube, IceTop",

author = "R. Abbasi and Y. Abdou and M. Ackermann and J. Adams and Aguilar, {J. A.} and M. Ahlers and D. Altmann and K. Andeen and J. Auffenberg and X. Bai and M. Baker and Barwick, {S. W.} and V. Baum and R. Bay and K. Beattie and Beatty, {J. J.} and S. Bechet and {Becker Tjus}, J. and Becker, {K. H.} and M. Bell and Benabderrahmane, {M. L.} and S. Benzvi and J. Berdermann and P. Berghaus and D. Berley and E. Bernardini and D. Bertrand and Besson, {D. Z.} and D. Bindig and M. Bissok and E. Blaufuss and J. Blumenthal and Boersma, {D. J.} and C. Bohm and D. Bose and S. B{\"o}ser and O. Botner and L. Brayeur and Brown, {A. M.} and R. Bruijn and J. Brunner and S. Buitink and Caballero-Mora, {K. S.} and M. Carson and J. Casey and M. Casier and D. Chirkin and B. Christy and F. Clevermann and S. Cohen and Cowen, {D. F.} and {Cruz Silva}, {A. H.} and M. Danninger and J. Daughhetee and Davis, {J. C.} and {De Clercq}, C. and F. Descamps and P. Desiati and {De Vries-Uiterweerd}, G. and T. Deyoung and D{\'i}az-V{\'e}lez, {J. C.} and J. Dreyer and Dumm, {J. P.} and M. Dunkman and R. Eagan and J. Eisch and C. Elliott and Ellsworth, {R. W.} and O. Engdeg{\aa}rd and S. Euler and Evenson, {P. A.} and O. Fadiran and Fazely, {A. R.} and A. Fedynitch and J. Feintzeig and T. Feusels and K. Filimonov and C. Finley and T. Fischer-Wasels and S. Flis and A. Franckowiak and R. Franke and K. Frantzen and T. Fuchs and Gaisser, {T. K.} and J. Gallagher and L. Gerhardt and L. Gladstone and T. Gl{\"u}senkamp and A. Goldschmidt and Goodman, {J. A.} and D. G{\'o}ra and D. Grant and A. Gro{\ss} and S. Grullon and M. Gurtner and C. Ha and {Haj Ismail}, A. and A. Hallgren and F. Halzen and K. Hanson and D. Heereman and P. Heimann and D. Heinen and K. Helbing and R. Hellauer and S. Hickford and Hill, {G. C.} and Hoffman, {K. D.} and R. Hoffmann and A. Homeier and K. Hoshina and W. Huelsnitz and Hulth, {P. O.} and K. Hultqvist and S. Hussain and A. Ishihara and E. Jacobi and J. Jacobsen and Japaridze, {G. S.} and O. Jlelati and H. Johansson and A. Kappes and T. Karg and A. Karle and J. Kiryluk and F. Kislat and J. Kl{\"a}s and Klein, {S. R.} and S. Klepser and K{\"o}hne, {J. H.} and G. Kohnen and H. Kolanoski and L. K{\"o}pke and C. Kopper and S. Kopper and Koskinen, {D. J.} and M. Kowalski and M. Krasberg and G. Kroll and J. Kunnen and N. Kurahashi and T. Kuwabara and M. Labare and K. Laihem and H. Landsman and Larson, {M. J.} and R. Lauer and M. Lesiak-Bzdak and J. L{\"u}nemann and J. Madsen and R. Maruyama and K. Mase and Matis, {H. S.} and A. McDermott and F. McNally and K. Meagher and M. Merck and P. M{\'e}sz{\'a}ros and T. Meures and S. Miarecki and E. Middell and N. Milke and J. Miller and L. Mohrmann and T. Montaruli and R. Morse and Movit, {S. M.} and R. Nahnhauer and U. Naumann and P. Nie{\ss}en and Nowicki, {S. C.} and Nygren, {D. R.} and A. Obertacke and S. Odrowski and A. Olivas and M. Olivo and A. O'Murchadha and S. Panknin and L. Paul and Pepper, {J. A.} and {P{\'e}rez De Los Heros}, C. and D. Pieloth and N. Pirk and J. Posselt and Price, {P. B.} and Przybylski, {G. T.} and L. R{\"a}del and K. Rawlins and P. Redl and E. Resconi and W. Rhode and M. Ribordy and M. Richman and B. Riedel and Rodrigues, {J. P.} and J. Roth and F. Rothmaier and C. Rott and C. Roucelle and T. Ruhe and D. Rutledge and B. Ruzybayev and D. Ryckbosch and Saba, {S. M.} and T. Salameh and Sander, {H. G.} and M. Santander and S. Sarkar and K. Schatto and M. Scheel and F. Scheriau and T. Schmidt and M. Schmitz and S. Schoenen and S. Sch{\"o}neberg and L. Sch{\"o}nherr and A. Sch{\"o}nwald and A. Schukraft and L. Schulte and O. Schulz and D. Seckel and Seo, {S. H.} and Y. Sestayo and S. Seunarine and L. Shulman and Smith, {M. W.E.} and M. Soiron and D. Soldin and Spiczak, {G. M.} and C. Spiering and M. Stamatikos and T. Stanev and A. Stasik and T. Stezelberger and Stokstad, {R. G.} and A. St{\"o}{\ss}l and S. Stoyanov and Strahler, {E. A.} and R. Str{\"o}m and Sulanke, {K. H.} and Sullivan, {G. W.} and H. Taavola and I. Taboada and A. Tamburro and S. Ter-Antonyan and S. Tilav and Toale, {P. A.} and S. Toscano and M. Usner and {Van Der Drift}, D. and {Van Eijndhoven}, N. and {Van Overloop}, A. and {Van Santen}, J. and M. Vehring and M. Voge and C. Walck and T. Waldenmaier and M. Wallraff and M. Walter and R. Wasserman and Ch Weaver and C. Wendt and S. Westerhoff and N. Whitehorn and K. Wiebe and Wiebusch, {C. H.} and Williams, {D. R.} and H. Wissing and M. Wolf and Wood, {T. R.} and K. Woschnagg and C. Xu and Xu, {D. L.} and Xu, {X. W.} and Yanez, {J. P.} and G. Yodh and S. Yoshida and P. Zarzhitsky and J. Ziemann and A. Zilles and M. Zoll",

note = "Funding Information: We acknowledge the support from the following agencies: U.S. National Science Foundation-Office of Polar Programs, U.S. National Science Foundation-Physics Division, University of Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, the Grid Laboratory Of Wisconsin (GLOW) grid infrastructure at the University of Wisconsin - Madison, the Open Science Grid (OSG) grid infrastructure; U.S. Department of Energy, and National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, the Louisiana Optical Network Initiative (LONI) grid computing resources; National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Swedish Research Council, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC), and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Research Department of Plasmas with Complex Interactions (Bochum), Germany; Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS-FWO), FWO Odysseus programme, Flanders Institute to encourage scientific and technological research in industry (IWT), Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo); University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Marsden Fund, New Zealand; Australian Research Council; Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS); the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Switzerland. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2012 Elsevier B.V.",

year = "2013",

month = jul,

day = "21",

doi = "10.1016/j.nima.2012.10.067",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "700",

pages = "188--220",

journal = "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment",

issn = "0168-9002",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - IceTop

T2 - The surface component of IceCube

AU - Abbasi, R.

AU - Abdou, Y.

AU - Ackermann, M.

AU - Adams, J.

AU - Aguilar, J. A.

AU - Ahlers, M.

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N1 - Funding Information: We acknowledge the support from the following agencies: U.S. National Science Foundation-Office of Polar Programs, U.S. National Science Foundation-Physics Division, University of Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, the Grid Laboratory Of Wisconsin (GLOW) grid infrastructure at the University of Wisconsin - Madison, the Open Science Grid (OSG) grid infrastructure; U.S. Department of Energy, and National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, the Louisiana Optical Network Initiative (LONI) grid computing resources; National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Swedish Research Council, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC), and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Research Department of Plasmas with Complex Interactions (Bochum), Germany; Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS-FWO), FWO Odysseus programme, Flanders Institute to encourage scientific and technological research in industry (IWT), Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo); University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Marsden Fund, New Zealand; Australian Research Council; Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS); the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Switzerland. Publisher Copyright: © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

PY - 2013/7/21

Y1 - 2013/7/21

N2 - IceTop, the surface component of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole, is an air shower array with an area of 1 km2. The detector allows a detailed exploration of the mass composition of primary cosmic rays in the energy range from about 100 TeV to 1 EeV by exploiting the correlation between the shower energy measured in IceTop and the energy deposited by muons in the deep ice. In this paper we report on the technical design, construction and installation, the trigger and data acquisition systems as well as the software framework for calibration, reconstruction and simulation. Finally the first experience from commissioning and operating the detector and the performance as an air shower detector will be discussed.

AB - IceTop, the surface component of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole, is an air shower array with an area of 1 km2. The detector allows a detailed exploration of the mass composition of primary cosmic rays in the energy range from about 100 TeV to 1 EeV by exploiting the correlation between the shower energy measured in IceTop and the energy deposited by muons in the deep ice. In this paper we report on the technical design, construction and installation, the trigger and data acquisition systems as well as the software framework for calibration, reconstruction and simulation. Finally the first experience from commissioning and operating the detector and the performance as an air shower detector will be discussed.

KW - Air shower

KW - Cosmic rays

KW - Detector

KW - IceCube

KW - IceTop

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84870821824&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84870821824&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.nima.2012.10.067

DO - 10.1016/j.nima.2012.10.067

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84870821824

VL - 700

SP - 188

EP - 220

JO - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

JF - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

SN - 0168-9002

ER -

IceTop: The surface component of IceCube

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