TY - JOUR
T1 - IGF2 in memory, neurodevelopmental disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases
AU - Alberini, Cristina M.
N1 - Funding Information:
I thank Anna Lisa Scardovi for her valuable help in putting together the figures and in manuscript formatting and Jessica Gaunt and Camille Casino for proofreading the manuscript. I thank all the members of my lab who contributed to the discovery and understanding of IGF2 and IGF2R in the brain, memory processes, and brain diseases. The work from my lab reported in this review has been supported by grants NIH - MH065635 , the Foundation for Angelman Syndrome Therapeutics US (FAST-US), and the Foundation for Angelman Syndrome Therapeutics Italia (FAST-Italia) to C.M.A.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2023/6
Y1 - 2023/6
N2 - Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) emerged as a critical mechanism of synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. Deficits in IGF2 in the brain, serum, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are associated with brain diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Increasing IGF2 levels enhances memory in healthy animals and reverses numerous symptoms in laboratory models of aging, neurodevelopmental disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. These effects occur via the IGF2 receptor (IGF2R) – a receptor that is highly expressed in neurons and regulates protein trafficking, synthesis, and degradation. Here, I summarize the current knowledge regarding IGF2 expression and functions in the brain, particularly in memory, and propose a novel conceptual model for IGF2/IGF2R mechanisms of action in brain health and diseases.
AB - Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) emerged as a critical mechanism of synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. Deficits in IGF2 in the brain, serum, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are associated with brain diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Increasing IGF2 levels enhances memory in healthy animals and reverses numerous symptoms in laboratory models of aging, neurodevelopmental disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. These effects occur via the IGF2 receptor (IGF2R) – a receptor that is highly expressed in neurons and regulates protein trafficking, synthesis, and degradation. Here, I summarize the current knowledge regarding IGF2 expression and functions in the brain, particularly in memory, and propose a novel conceptual model for IGF2/IGF2R mechanisms of action in brain health and diseases.
KW - IGF2 receptor
KW - cation-independent mannose 6 phosphate receptor
KW - memory
KW - neurodegenerative disease
KW - neurodevelopmental disorder
KW - protein metabolism
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U2 - 10.1016/j.tins.2023.03.007
DO - 10.1016/j.tins.2023.03.007
M3 - Review article
C2 - 37031050
AN - SCOPUS:85151564618
SN - 0378-5912
VL - 46
SP - 488
EP - 502
JO - Trends in Neurosciences
JF - Trends in Neurosciences
IS - 6
ER -