@article{0ee024232c304ca695c0ddcaa84c6293,
title = "Immunophenotyping of pediatric brain tumors: correlating immune infiltrate with histology, mutational load, and survival and assessing clonal T cell response",
abstract = "There is little known regarding the immune infiltrate present in pediatric brain tumors and how this compares to what is known about histologically similar adult tumors and its correlation with survival. Here, we provide a descriptive analysis of the immune infiltrate of 22 fresh pediatric brain tumor tissue samples of mixed diagnoses and 40 peripheral blood samples. Samples were analyzed using a flow cytometry panel containing markers for immune cell subtypes, costimulatory markers, inhibitory signals, and markers of activation. This was compared to the standard method of immunohistochemistry (IHC) for immune markers for 89 primary pediatric brain tumors. Both flow cytometry and IHC data did not correlate with the grade of tumor or mutational load and IHC data was not significantly associated with survival for either low grade or high grade gliomas. There is a trend towards a more immunosuppressive phenotype in higher grade tumors with more regulatory T cells present in these tumor types. Both PD1 and PDL1 were present in only a small percentage of the tumor infiltrate. T cell receptor sequencing revealed up to 10% clonality of T cells in tumor infiltrates and no significant difference in clonality between low and high grade gliomas. We have shown the immune infiltrate of pediatric brain tumors does not appear to correlate with grade or survival for a small sample of patients. Further research and larger studies are needed to fully understand the interaction of pediatric brain tumors and the immune system.",
keywords = "Flow cytometry, Immune infiltrate, Immunohistochemistry, Immunotherapy, Mutational load, Pediatric brain tumors, T cell receptor",
author = "Plant, {Ashley S.} and Shohei Koyama and Claire Sinai and Solomon, {Isaac H.} and Griffin, {Gabriel K.} and Ligon, {Keith L.} and Pratiti Bandopadhayay and Rebecca Betensky and Ryan Emerson and Glenn Dranoff and Kieran, {Mark W.} and Jerome Ritz",
note = "Funding Information: Ashley Plant has no conflict of interest to disclose except that she is the recipient of the Young Investigator Award from Biotechnologies Incorporated in the amount of $5000 to support this project. Shohei Koyama has no conflict of interest to disclose. Claire Sinai has no conflict of interest to disclose. Isaac Solomon has no conflict of interest to disclose. Gabriel Griffin has no conflict of interest to disclose relevant to this project but does participate in consulting activities for Moderna Therapeutics. Keith Ligon has no conflict of interest to disclose related to the project. Pratiti Bandopadhayay has no conflict of interest to disclose. Rebecca Betensky has no conflict of interest to disclose. Ryan Emerson is an employee of Adaptive Biotechnologies Incorporated but, otherwise, has no conflict of interest to disclose. Glenn Dranoff became an employee of Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research during the formation of this project but otherwise has no other conflict of interest to disclose. Mark W. Kieran has no conflict of interest to disclose related to this project. Jerome Ritz has no conflict of interest to disclose related to this project. Funding Information: Funding Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number K12CA090354. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The portion of this project involving T cell receptor sequencing was supported by a Young Investigator Award supported by Adaptive Biotechnologies. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.",
year = "2018",
month = apr,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1007/s11060-017-2737-9",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "137",
pages = "269--278",
journal = "Journal of Neuro-Oncology",
issn = "0167-594X",
publisher = "Springer",
number = "2",
}