TY - JOUR
T1 - Implementation intentions and test anxiety
T2 - Shielding academic performance from distraction
AU - Parks-Stamm, Elizabeth J.
AU - Gollwitzer, Peter M.
AU - Oettingen, Gabriele
N1 - Funding Information:
This material is based upon work supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship .
PY - 2010/2
Y1 - 2010/2
N2 - College students whose test anxiety was measured completed a working memory-intensive math exam with televised distractions. Students were provided with implementation intentions (if-then plans; Gollwitzer, 1999) designed to either help them ignore the distractions (i.e., temptation-inhibiting plans) or focus more intently on the math exam (i.e., task-facilitating plans). Regression analyses showed that as test anxiety increased, the effectiveness of temptation-inhibiting implementation intentions increased, whereas task-facilitating implementation intentions increasingly harmed performance as test anxiety increased. In addition, the consequences of these plans differed significantly for those high in test anxiety. Implications for effective self-regulation by test-anxious students are discussed.
AB - College students whose test anxiety was measured completed a working memory-intensive math exam with televised distractions. Students were provided with implementation intentions (if-then plans; Gollwitzer, 1999) designed to either help them ignore the distractions (i.e., temptation-inhibiting plans) or focus more intently on the math exam (i.e., task-facilitating plans). Regression analyses showed that as test anxiety increased, the effectiveness of temptation-inhibiting implementation intentions increased, whereas task-facilitating implementation intentions increasingly harmed performance as test anxiety increased. In addition, the consequences of these plans differed significantly for those high in test anxiety. Implications for effective self-regulation by test-anxious students are discussed.
KW - Distraction
KW - Goal shielding
KW - Implementation intentions
KW - Plans
KW - Test anxiety
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U2 - 10.1016/j.lindif.2009.09.001
DO - 10.1016/j.lindif.2009.09.001
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:71249156417
SN - 1041-6080
VL - 20
SP - 30
EP - 33
JO - Learning and Individual Differences
JF - Learning and Individual Differences
IS - 1
ER -