"Implicit" and "explicit" CSR: A conceptual framework for a comparative understanding of corporate social responsibility

We address the question of how and why corporate social responsibility (CSR) differs among countries and how and why it changes. Applying two schools of thought in institutional theory, we conceptualize, first, the differences between CSR in the United States and Europe and, second, the recent rise of CSR in Europe. We also delineate the potential of our framework for application to other parts of the global economy. Copyright of the Academy of Management, all rights reserved.