TY - JOUR
T1 - In vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Tamarix nilotica shoot extracts and fractions
AU - Daou, Mariane
AU - Elnaker, Nancy A.
AU - Ochsenkuhn, Michael A.
AU - Amin, Shady A.
AU - Yousef, Ahmed F.
AU - Yousef, Lina F.
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding:ThisworkwassupportedbyCIRA2018- 35grantfromKhalifaUniversity(LFY),anAbu DhabiDepartmentofEducationandKnowledge grant(AFY),andaNYUAbuDhabigrantAD179 (SAA).Thisresearchwaspartiallycarriedoutusing theCoreTechnologyPlatformsresourcesatNYU AbuDhabi.Metabolomicsworkwasperformed usingtheNYUADmassspectrometryfacility.The fundershadnoroleinstudydesign,datacollection andanalysis,decisiontopublish,orpreparationof themanuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Daou et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
PY - 2022/3
Y1 - 2022/3
N2 - α-glucosidase inhibitors represent an important class of type 2 antidiabetic drugs and they act by lowering postprandial hyperglycemia. Today, only three synthetic inhibitors exist on the market, and there is a need for novel, natural and more efficient molecules exhibiting this activity. In this study, we investigated the ability of Tamarix nilotica ethanolic and aqueous shoot extracts, as well as methanolic fractions prepared from aqueous crude extracts to inhibit α-glucosidase. Both, 50% ethanol and aqueous extracts inhibited α-glucosidase in a concentration-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 12.5 μg/mL and 24.8 μg/mL, respectively. Importantly, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity observed in the T. nilotica crude extracts was considerably higher than pure acarbose (IC50 = 151.1 μg/mL), the most highly prescribed α-glucosidase inhibitor on the market. When T. nilotica crude extracts were fractionated using methanol, enhanced α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was observed in general, with the highest observed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in the 30% methanol fraction (IC50 = 5.21 μg/mL). Kinetic studies further revealed a competitive reversible mechanism of inhibition by the plant extract. The phytochemical profiles of 50% ethanol extracts, aqueous extracts, and the methanolic fractions were investigated and compared using a metabolomics approach. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the contents of the crude extracts and fractions and potentially identified the molecules that were most responsible for these observed variations. Higher α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was associated with an enrichment of terpenoids, fatty acids, and flavonoids. Among the identified molecules, active compounds with known α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were detected, including unsaturated fatty acids, triterpenoids, and flavonoid glycosides. These results put forward T. nilotica as a therapeutic plant for type 2 diabetes and a source of α-glucosidase inhibitors.
AB - α-glucosidase inhibitors represent an important class of type 2 antidiabetic drugs and they act by lowering postprandial hyperglycemia. Today, only three synthetic inhibitors exist on the market, and there is a need for novel, natural and more efficient molecules exhibiting this activity. In this study, we investigated the ability of Tamarix nilotica ethanolic and aqueous shoot extracts, as well as methanolic fractions prepared from aqueous crude extracts to inhibit α-glucosidase. Both, 50% ethanol and aqueous extracts inhibited α-glucosidase in a concentration-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 12.5 μg/mL and 24.8 μg/mL, respectively. Importantly, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity observed in the T. nilotica crude extracts was considerably higher than pure acarbose (IC50 = 151.1 μg/mL), the most highly prescribed α-glucosidase inhibitor on the market. When T. nilotica crude extracts were fractionated using methanol, enhanced α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was observed in general, with the highest observed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in the 30% methanol fraction (IC50 = 5.21 μg/mL). Kinetic studies further revealed a competitive reversible mechanism of inhibition by the plant extract. The phytochemical profiles of 50% ethanol extracts, aqueous extracts, and the methanolic fractions were investigated and compared using a metabolomics approach. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the contents of the crude extracts and fractions and potentially identified the molecules that were most responsible for these observed variations. Higher α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was associated with an enrichment of terpenoids, fatty acids, and flavonoids. Among the identified molecules, active compounds with known α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were detected, including unsaturated fatty acids, triterpenoids, and flavonoid glycosides. These results put forward T. nilotica as a therapeutic plant for type 2 diabetes and a source of α-glucosidase inhibitors.
KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
KW - Ethanol
KW - Flavonoids/pharmacology
KW - Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors/chemistry
KW - Kinetics
KW - Methanol
KW - Plant Extracts/chemistry
KW - Tamaricaceae/metabolism
KW - alpha-Glucosidases/metabolism
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U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0264969
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0264969
M3 - Article
C2 - 35286313
AN - SCOPUS:85126706304
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 17
JO - PloS one
JF - PloS one
IS - 3
M1 - e0264969
ER -