TY - JOUR
T1 - Inadequate sleep as a risk factor for obesity
T2 - Analyses of the NHANES I
AU - Gangwisch, James E.
AU - Malaspina, Dolores
AU - Boden-Albala, Bernadette
AU - Heymsfield, Steven B.
PY - 2005/10/1
Y1 - 2005/10/1
N2 - Study Objectives: Sleep deprivation has been hypothesized to contribute toward obesity by decreasing leptin, increasing ghrelin, and compromising insulin sensitivity. This study examines cross-sectional and longitudinal data from a large United States sample to determine whether sleep duration is associated with obesity and weight gain. Design: Longitudinal analyses of the 1982-1984,1987, and 1992 NHANES I Followup Studies and cross-sectional analysis of the 1982-1984 study. Setting: Probability sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States. Participants: Sample sizes of 9,588 for the cross-sectional analyses, 8,073 for the 1987, and 6,981 for the 1992 longitudinal analyses. Measurements and Results: Measured weight in 1982-1984 and self-reported weights in 1987 and 1992. Subjects between the ages of 32 and 49 years with self-reported sleep durations at baseline less than 7 hours had higher average body mass indexes and were more likely to be obese than subjects with sleep durations of 7 hours. Sleep durations over 7 hours were not consistently associated with either an increased or decreased likelihood of obesity in the cross-sectional and longitudinal results. Each additional hour of sleep at baseline was negatively associated with change in body mass index over the follow-up period, but this association was small and statistically insignificant. Conclusions: These findings support the hypothesis that sleep duration is associated with obesity in a large longitudinally monitored United States sample. These observations support earlier experimental sleep studies and provide a basis for future studies on weight control interventions that increase the quantity and quality of sleep.
AB - Study Objectives: Sleep deprivation has been hypothesized to contribute toward obesity by decreasing leptin, increasing ghrelin, and compromising insulin sensitivity. This study examines cross-sectional and longitudinal data from a large United States sample to determine whether sleep duration is associated with obesity and weight gain. Design: Longitudinal analyses of the 1982-1984,1987, and 1992 NHANES I Followup Studies and cross-sectional analysis of the 1982-1984 study. Setting: Probability sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States. Participants: Sample sizes of 9,588 for the cross-sectional analyses, 8,073 for the 1987, and 6,981 for the 1992 longitudinal analyses. Measurements and Results: Measured weight in 1982-1984 and self-reported weights in 1987 and 1992. Subjects between the ages of 32 and 49 years with self-reported sleep durations at baseline less than 7 hours had higher average body mass indexes and were more likely to be obese than subjects with sleep durations of 7 hours. Sleep durations over 7 hours were not consistently associated with either an increased or decreased likelihood of obesity in the cross-sectional and longitudinal results. Each additional hour of sleep at baseline was negatively associated with change in body mass index over the follow-up period, but this association was small and statistically insignificant. Conclusions: These findings support the hypothesis that sleep duration is associated with obesity in a large longitudinally monitored United States sample. These observations support earlier experimental sleep studies and provide a basis for future studies on weight control interventions that increase the quantity and quality of sleep.
KW - Insulin resistance
KW - Obesity
KW - Sleep
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=26444483435&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=26444483435&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/sleep/28.10.1289
DO - 10.1093/sleep/28.10.1289
M3 - Article
C2 - 16295214
AN - SCOPUS:26444483435
SN - 0161-8105
VL - 28
SP - 1289
EP - 1296
JO - Sleep
JF - Sleep
IS - 10
ER -