@article{7f40f6824ec64b44a4840d53091b7dbf,
title = "Influence of Bubbles on the Energy Conversion Efficiency of Electrochemical Reactors",
abstract = "Bubbles influence energy and mass transfer in gas-evolving electrodes. However, we lack a detailed understanding on the intricate dependencies between bubble-evolution processes and electrochemical phenomena. This review discusses the current understanding on the effects of bubbles on electrochemical systems. We first provide a background on the physics of bubble evolution. Then we outline how bubbles affect energy efficiency of electrode processes. Lastly, we describe strategies to mitigate losses and how to exploit bubbles to enhance electrochemical reactions.",
keywords = "bubbles, chemical manufacturing, electrochemistry, energy, process intensification",
author = "Andrea Angulo and {van der Linde}, Peter and Han Gardeniers and Miguel Modestino and {Fern{\'a}ndez Rivas}, David",
note = "Funding Information: We would like to thank our colleagues Pablo Pe{\~n}as L{\'o}pez and Bastian Mei for their help toward our current understanding of this fascinating field. The collaboration of the author's groups was initiated thanks to the BioSolar Cells program, co-financed by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs (project U1.2). This work was supported by the Netherlands Centre for Multiscale Catalytic Energy Conversion (MCEC), an NWO Gravitation programme funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science of the Government of the Netherlands, and by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) under the Sinergia grant no. CRSII5_173860. Conceptualization: D.F.R. H.G. M.M. P.v.d.L. and A.A.; Writing – Original Draft: P.v.d.L. A.A. M.M. and D.F.R.; Writing – Review and Editing: P.v.d.L. A.A. M.M. and D.F.R.; Funding Acquisition: D.F.R, H.G. and M.M.; Supervision: D.F.R. H.G. and M.M. M.A.M. is a founder and a scientific advisor of Sunthetics, Inc. a start-up company operating in the sustainable chemical manufacturing space. Funding Information: This work was supported by the Netherlands Centre for Multiscale Catalytic Energy Conversion (MCEC), an NWO Gravitation programme funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science of the Government of the Netherlands, and by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) under the Sinergia grant no. CRSII5_173860 . Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 Elsevier Inc.",
year = "2020",
month = mar,
day = "18",
doi = "10.1016/j.joule.2020.01.005",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "4",
pages = "555--579",
journal = "Joule",
issn = "2542-4351",
publisher = "Cell Press",
number = "3",
}