Intensity, wavelength, and polarization dependence of nonphotochemical laser-induced nucleation in supersaturated aqueous urea solutions

We have measured the intensity dependence of nonphotochemical laser-induced nucleation (NPLIN) in 11.9 M aqueous urea solutions at 532 and 1064 nm, using both linearly and circularly polarized light. In all cases, we observed a nonlinear intensity dependence of the nucleation efficiency with thresholds of approximately 0.02-0.06 GW/cm₂. The threshold at the green wavelength is lower than the threshold at the near-infrared wavelength. Moreover, the green nucleation efficiency is greater than the near-infrared efficiency at the same intensity. We attribute these differences to the greater absorption coefficient of water at 1064 nm compared to that at 532 nm. At both 532 and 1064 nm, the threshold for NPLIN is lower, and the efficiency of NPLIN at a given intensity is higher for linear polarization than for circular polarization. These differences are consistent with an optical Kerr effect mechanism for NPLIN.