Light coupling characteristics of corrugated quantum-well infrared photodetectors

Kwong Kit Choi, Kok Ming Leung, Theodor Tamir, Carlos Monroy

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

    Abstract

    Corrugated quantum-well infrared photodetectors (C-QWIPs) offer simple detector architectures for large-format infrared focal plane arrays (FPAs). The detector relies on inclined sidewalls to couple normal incident light into the absorbing material. Based on a simplified geometrical-optics (GO) model, this light coupling scheme is expected to be effective with little wavelength dependence. In this work, we apply the modal transmission-line (MTL) modeling technique to study in detail its light coupling characteristics and compare the results with the GO model and experimental data. We find that the results of the GO model agree reasonably well with those of the rigorous MTL model for corrugations with metal cover, and both modeling procedures are consistent with experimental data. In particular, both models predict similar increase in the quantum efficiency η with the size of the corrugations, and both indicate similar limiting η when the corrugation becomes very large. For linear corrugations with thick substrates, the maximum η is about 30%. On the other hand, there are also significant differences between the two models when the effects of phase coherence are important. Since the phase of the radiation is taken into account in the MTL formalism but not in the GO formalism, the MTL model is more generally applicable and is more capable of explaining different detector characteristics. For example, it predicts a smaller η for air or epoxy-covered C-QWIPs because of finite optical transmission through the sharp corners in the corrugations, and it indicates an oscillatory function of η because of the existence of optical fringes. It also reveals the wavelength dependence of the coupling, which becomes more pronounced as the thickness of the substrate layer is reduced.

    Original languageEnglish (US)
    Pages (from-to)130-142
    Number of pages13
    JournalIEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics
    Volume40
    Issue number2
    DOIs
    StatePublished - Feb 2004

    Keywords

    • Diffraction
    • Electromagnetic modeling
    • Focal plane array (FPA)
    • Infrared detector

    ASJC Scopus subject areas

    • Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
    • Condensed Matter Physics
    • Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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