TY - JOUR
T1 - Low Dose of Ti3C2 MXene Quantum Dots Mitigate SARS-CoV-2 Infection
AU - Yilmazer, Açelya
AU - Alagarsamy, Keshav Narayan
AU - Gokce, Cemile
AU - Summak, Gokce Yagmur
AU - Rafieerad, Alireza
AU - Bayrakdar, Fatma
AU - Ozturk, Berfin Ilayda
AU - Aktuna, Suleyman
AU - Delogu, Lucia Gemma
AU - Unal, Mehmet Altay
AU - Dhingra, Sanjiv
N1 - Funding Information:
A.Y., C.G., G.Y.S., and M.A.U. would like to acknowledge the funding from the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under grant number 18AG020. A.Y., S.D., L.G.D., and M.A.U. would like to thank the funding received from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation program under grant agreement No 101086184. The schematic representations in Figures 5 and 7 were created with BioRender.com. S.D. would like to acknowledge the funding support from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (# PJT178254) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC, RGPIN‐2021‐03951). The authors would like to also thank Prof. Gulay Korukluoglu, the head of the Microbiology References Laboratory who kindly supplied the SARS‐CoV‐2 stocks for this study.
Funding Information:
A.Y., C.G., G.Y.S., and M.A.U. would like to acknowledge the funding from the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under grant number 18AG020. A.Y., S.D., L.G.D., and M.A.U. would like to thank the funding received from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation program under grant agreement No 101086184. The schematic representations in Figures 5 and 7 were created with BioRender.com. S.D. would like to acknowledge the funding support from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (# PJT178254) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC, RGPIN-2021-03951). The authors would like to also thank Prof. Gulay Korukluoglu, the head of the Microbiology References Laboratory who kindly supplied the SARS-CoV-2 stocks for this study.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors. Small Methods published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.
PY - 2023/8/18
Y1 - 2023/8/18
N2 - MXene QDs (MQDs) have been effectively used in several fields of biomedical research. Considering the role of hyperactivation of immune system in infectious diseases, especially in COVID-19, MQDs stand as a potential candidate as a nanotherapeutic against viral infections. However, the efficacy of MQDs against SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been tested yet. In this study, Ti3C2 MQDs are synthesized and their potential in mitigating SARS-CoV-2 infection is investigated. Physicochemical characterization suggests that MQDs are enriched with abundance of bioactive functional groups such as oxygen, hydrogen, fluorine, and chlorine groups as well as surface titanium oxides. The efficacy of MQDs is tested in VeroE6 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2. These data demonstrate that the treatment with MQDs is able to mitigate multiplication of virus particles, only at very low doses such as 0,15 µg mL−1. Furthermore, to understand the mechanisms of MQD-mediated anti-COVID properties, global proteomics analysis are performed and determined differentially expressed proteins between MQD-treated and untreated cells. Data reveal that MQDs interfere with the viral life cycle through different mechanisms including the Ca2+ signaling pathway, IFN-α response, virus internalization, replication, and translation. These findings suggest that MQDs can be employed to develop future immunoengineering-based nanotherapeutics strategies against SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections.
AB - MXene QDs (MQDs) have been effectively used in several fields of biomedical research. Considering the role of hyperactivation of immune system in infectious diseases, especially in COVID-19, MQDs stand as a potential candidate as a nanotherapeutic against viral infections. However, the efficacy of MQDs against SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been tested yet. In this study, Ti3C2 MQDs are synthesized and their potential in mitigating SARS-CoV-2 infection is investigated. Physicochemical characterization suggests that MQDs are enriched with abundance of bioactive functional groups such as oxygen, hydrogen, fluorine, and chlorine groups as well as surface titanium oxides. The efficacy of MQDs is tested in VeroE6 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2. These data demonstrate that the treatment with MQDs is able to mitigate multiplication of virus particles, only at very low doses such as 0,15 µg mL−1. Furthermore, to understand the mechanisms of MQD-mediated anti-COVID properties, global proteomics analysis are performed and determined differentially expressed proteins between MQD-treated and untreated cells. Data reveal that MQDs interfere with the viral life cycle through different mechanisms including the Ca2+ signaling pathway, IFN-α response, virus internalization, replication, and translation. These findings suggest that MQDs can be employed to develop future immunoengineering-based nanotherapeutics strategies against SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections.
KW - COVID-19
KW - MQDs
KW - antiviral mechanisms
KW - immunomodulation
KW - proteomics pathway analysis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85152942181&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85152942181&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/smtd.202300044
DO - 10.1002/smtd.202300044
M3 - Article
C2 - 37075731
AN - SCOPUS:85152942181
SN - 2366-9608
VL - 7
JO - Small Methods
JF - Small Methods
IS - 8
M1 - 2300044
ER -