TY - JOUR
T1 - Manufacturing and Security Challenges in 3D Printing
AU - Zeltmann, Steven Eric
AU - Gupta, Nikhil
AU - Tsoutsos, Nektarios Georgios
AU - Maniatakos, Michail
AU - Rajendran, Jeyavijayan
AU - Karri, Ramesh
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.
PY - 2016/7/1
Y1 - 2016/7/1
N2 - As the manufacturing time, quality, and cost associated with additive manufacturing (AM) continue to improve, more and more businesses and consumers are adopting this technology. Some of the key benefits of AM include customizing products, localizing production and reducing logistics. Due to these and numerous other benefits, AM is enabling a globally distributed manufacturing process and supply chain spanning multiple parties, and hence raises concerns about the reliability of the manufactured product. In this work, we first present a brief overview of the potential risks that exist in the cyber-physical environment of additive manufacturing. We then evaluate the risks posed by two different classes of modifications to the AM process which are representative of the challenges that are unique to AM. The risks posed are examined through mechanical testing of objects with altered printing orientation and fine internal defects. Finite element analysis and ultrasonic inspection are also used to demonstrate the potential for decreased performance and for evading detection. The results highlight several scenarios, intentional or unintentional, that can affect the product quality and pose security challenges for the additive manufacturing supply chain.
AB - As the manufacturing time, quality, and cost associated with additive manufacturing (AM) continue to improve, more and more businesses and consumers are adopting this technology. Some of the key benefits of AM include customizing products, localizing production and reducing logistics. Due to these and numerous other benefits, AM is enabling a globally distributed manufacturing process and supply chain spanning multiple parties, and hence raises concerns about the reliability of the manufactured product. In this work, we first present a brief overview of the potential risks that exist in the cyber-physical environment of additive manufacturing. We then evaluate the risks posed by two different classes of modifications to the AM process which are representative of the challenges that are unique to AM. The risks posed are examined through mechanical testing of objects with altered printing orientation and fine internal defects. Finite element analysis and ultrasonic inspection are also used to demonstrate the potential for decreased performance and for evading detection. The results highlight several scenarios, intentional or unintentional, that can affect the product quality and pose security challenges for the additive manufacturing supply chain.
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U2 - 10.1007/s11837-016-1937-7
DO - 10.1007/s11837-016-1937-7
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84966711818
SN - 1047-4838
VL - 68
SP - 1872
EP - 1881
JO - JOM
JF - JOM
IS - 7
ER -