@article{31d0833843e94a60871bca56eb0221aa,
title = "Material radiopurity control in the XENONnT experiment",
abstract = "The selection of low-radioactive construction materials is of the utmost importance for rare-event searches and thus critical to the XENONnT experiment. Results of an extensive radioassay program are reported, in which material samples have been screened with gamma-ray spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and 222Rn emanation measurements. Furthermore, the cleanliness procedures applied to remove or mitigate surface contamination of detector materials are described. Screening results, used as inputs for a XENONnT Monte Carlo simulation, predict a reduction of materials background (∼ 17%) with respect to its predecessor XENON1T. Through radon emanation measurements, the expected 222Rn activity concentration in XENONnT is determined to be 4.2 (-0.7+0.5) μ Bq/kg, a factor three lower with respect to XENON1T. This radon concentration will be further suppressed by means of the novel radon distillation system.",
author = "{XENON Collaboration} and E. Aprile and K. Abe and F. Agostini and {Ahmed Maouloud}, S. and M. Alfonsi and L. Althueser and E. Angelino and Angevaare, {J. R.} and Antochi, {V. C.} and {Ant{\'o}n Martin}, D. and F. Arneodo and L. Baudis and Baxter, {A. L.} and L. Bellagamba and R. Biondi and A. Bismark and A. Brown and S. Bruenner and G. Bruno and R. Budnik and C. Capelli and Cardoso, {J. M.R.} and D. Cichon and B. Cimmino and M. Clark and Colijn, {A. P.} and J. Conrad and Cuenca-Garc{\'i}a, {J. J.} and Cussonneau, {J. P.} and V. D{\textquoteright}Andrea and Decowski, {M. P.} and Gangi, {P. Di} and Pede, {S. Di} and Giovanni, {A. Di} and Stefano, {R. Di} and S. Diglio and A. Elykov and S. Farrell and Ferella, {A. D.} and H. Fischer and W. Fulgione and P. Gaemers and R. Gaior and M. Galloway and F. Gao and R. Glade-Beucke and L. Grandi and J. Grigat and A. Higuera and C. Hils",
note = "Funding Information: We gratefully acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation, Swiss National Science Foundation, German Ministry for Education and Research, Max Planck Gesellschaft, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Helmholtz Association, Dutch Research Council (NWO), Weizmann Institute of Science, Israeli Science Foundation, Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, R{\'e}gion des Pays de la Loire, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Kavli Foundation, JSPS Kakenhi in Japan and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare. This project has received funding/support from the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk{\l}odowska-Curie grant agreement No 860881-HIDDeN. Data processing is performed using infrastructures from the Open Science Grid, the European Grid Initiative and the Dutch national e-infrastructure with the support of SURF Cooperative. We thankfully acknowledge the work of the Super-Kamiokande gadolinium group on developing a source of radio-pure gadolinium sulfate with the Nippon Yttrium Co. LTD. (NYC) in Japan and giving us access to their product. We further acknowledge productive collaboration in developing suitable gadolinium sulfate for XENONnT by Treibacher Industrie AG in Austria. We are grateful to Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso for hosting and supporting the XENON project. Funding Information: We gratefully acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation, Swiss National Science Foundation, German Ministry for Education and Research, Max Planck Gesellschaft, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Helmholtz Association, Dutch Research Council (NWO), Weizmann Institute of Science, Israeli Science Foundation, Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, R{\'e}gion des Pays de la Loire, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Kavli Foundation, JSPS Kakenhi in Japan and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare. This project has received funding/support from the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk{\l}odowska-Curie grant agreement No 860881-HIDDeN. Data processing is performed using infrastructures from the Open Science Grid, the European Grid Initiative and the Dutch national e-infrastructure with the support of SURF Cooperative. We thankfully acknowledge the work of the Super-Kamiokande gadolinium group on developing a source of radio-pure gadolinium sulfate with the Nippon Yttrium Co. LTD. (NYC) in Japan and giving us access to their product. We further acknowledge productive collaboration in developing suitable gadolinium sulfate for XENONnT by Treibacher Industrie AG in Austria. We are grateful to Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso for hosting and supporting the XENON project. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s).",
year = "2022",
month = jul,
doi = "10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10345-6",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "82",
journal = "European Physical Journal C",
issn = "1434-6044",
publisher = "Springer New York",
number = "7",
}