Mechanisms of gamma oscillations

Gÿorgy Buzśaki, Xiao Jing Wang

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

Abstract

Gamma rhythms are commonly observed in many brain regions during both waking and sleep states, yet their functions and mechanisms remain amatter of debate. Here we review the cellular and synaptic mechanisms underlying gamma oscillations and outline empirical questions and controversial conceptual issues. Our main points are as follows: First, gamma-band rhythmogenesis is inextricably tied to perisomatic inhibition. Second, gamma oscillations are short-lived and typically emerge from the coordinated interaction of excitation and inhibition, which can be detected as local field potentials. Third, gamma rhythm typically concurs with irregular firing of single neurons, and the network frequency of gamma oscillations varies extensively depending on the underlying mechanism. To document gamma oscillations, efforts should be made to distinguish them from mere increases of gamma-band power and/or increased spiking activity. Fourth, the magnitude of gamma oscillation is modulated by slower rhythms. Such cross-frequency coupling may serve to couple active patches of cortical circuits. Because of their ubiquitous nature and strong correlation with the "operational modes" of local circuits, gamma oscillations continue to provide important clues about neuronal population dynamics in health and disease.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)203-225
Number of pages23
JournalAnnual Review of Neuroscience
Volume35
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 2012

Keywords

  • cross-frequency coupling
  • dynamical cell assembly
  • excitatory-inhibitory loop
  • inhibitory interneurons
  • interneuronal network
  • irregular spiking
  • long-distance communication
  • spike timing

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Neuroscience

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