Microwave-Enabled Wearables: Underpinning Technologies, Integration Platforms, and Next-Generation Roadmap

Mahmoud Wagih; Leonardo Balocchi; Francesca Benassi; Nuno B. Carvalho; Jung Chih Chiao; Ricardo Correia; Alessandra Costanzo; Yepu Cui; Dimitra Georgiadou; Carolina Gouveia; Jasmin Grosinger; John S. Ho; Kexin Hu; Abiodun Komolafe; Sam Lemey; Caroline Loss; Gaetano Marrocco; Paul Mitcheson; Valentina Palazzi; Nicoletta Panunzio; Giacomo Paolini; Pedro Pinho; Josef Preishuber-Pflugl; Yasser Qaragoez; Hamed Rahmani; Hendrik Rogier; Jose Romero Lopera; Luca Roselli; Dominique Schreurs; Manos Tentzeris; Xi Tian; Russel Torah; Ricardo Torres; Patrick Van Torre; Dieff Vital; Steve Beeby

doi:10.1109/JMW.2022.3223254

Microwave-Enabled Wearables: Underpinning Technologies, Integration Platforms, and Next-Generation Roadmap

Mahmoud Wagih, Leonardo Balocchi, Francesca Benassi, Nuno B. Carvalho, Jung Chih Chiao, Ricardo Correia, Alessandra Costanzo, Yepu Cui, Dimitra Georgiadou, Carolina Gouveia, Jasmin Grosinger, John S. Ho, Kexin Hu, Abiodun Komolafe, Sam Lemey, Caroline Loss, Gaetano Marrocco, Paul Mitcheson, Valentina Palazzi, Nicoletta PanunzioGiacomo Paolini, Pedro Pinho, Josef Preishuber-Pflugl, Yasser Qaragoez, Hamed Rahmani, Hendrik Rogier, Jose Romero Lopera, Luca Roselli, Dominique Schreurs, Manos Tentzeris, Xi Tian, Russel Torah, Ricardo Torres, Patrick Van Torre, Dieff Vital, Steve Beeby

Electrical and Computer Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

This paper presents a holistic and authoritative review of the role of microwave technologies in enabling a new generation of wearable devices. A human-centric Internet of Things (IoT) covering remote healthcare, distributed sensing, and consumer electronics, calls for high-performance wearable devices integrated into clothing, which require interdisciplinary research efforts to emerge. Microwaves, the 'interconnect' of wireless networks, can enable, rather than solely connect, the next generation of autonomous, sustainable, and wearable-friendly electronics. First, enabling technologies including wireless power transmission and RF energy harvesting, backscattering and passive communication, RFID, and electromagnetic sensing are reviewed. We then discuss the key integration platforms, covering smart fabrics and electronic textiles, additive manufacturing, printed electronics, natively-flexible and organic RF semiconductors, and fully-integrated CMOS systems, where opportunities for hybrid integration are highlighted. The emerging research trends, from mmWave 6G, RF sensing and imaging, to healthcare applications including neural implants, drug delivery, and safety upon exposure to microwaves are re-visited and discussed, presenting a future roadmap for interdisciplinary research towards sustainable and reliable next-generation wearables.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	193-226
Number of pages	34
Journal	IEEE Journal of Microwaves
Volume	3
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2022.3223254
State	Published - Jan 1 2023

Keywords

Additive manufacturing
antennas
backscattering
E-textiles
energy harvesting
flexible semiconductors
harmonic transponders
microwave power transmission
MTT 70th Anniversary Special Issue
printed electronics
rectennas
RF sensing
RFID
sustainable electronics
wearable electronics

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Materials Chemistry
Condensed Matter Physics

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10.1109/JMW.2022.3223254

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Wagih, M., Balocchi, L., Benassi, F., Carvalho, N. B., Chiao, J. C., Correia, R., Costanzo, A., Cui, Y., Georgiadou, D., Gouveia, C., Grosinger, J., Ho, J. S., Hu, K., Komolafe, A., Lemey, S., Loss, C., Marrocco, G., Mitcheson, P., Palazzi, V., ... Beeby, S. (2023). Microwave-Enabled Wearables: Underpinning Technologies, Integration Platforms, and Next-Generation Roadmap. IEEE Journal of Microwaves, 3(1), 193-226. https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2022.3223254

Wagih, M, Balocchi, L, Benassi, F, Carvalho, NB, Chiao, JC, Correia, R, Costanzo, A, Cui, Y, Georgiadou, D, Gouveia, C, Grosinger, J, Ho, JS, Hu, K, Komolafe, A, Lemey, S, Loss, C, Marrocco, G, Mitcheson, P, Palazzi, V, Panunzio, N, Paolini, G, Pinho, P, Preishuber-Pflugl, J, Qaragoez, Y, Rahmani, H, Rogier, H, Lopera, JR, Roselli, L, Schreurs, D, Tentzeris, M, Tian, X, Torah, R, Torres, R, Van Torre, P, Vital, D & Beeby, S 2023, 'Microwave-Enabled Wearables: Underpinning Technologies, Integration Platforms, and Next-Generation Roadmap', IEEE Journal of Microwaves, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 193-226. https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2022.3223254

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title = "Microwave-Enabled Wearables: Underpinning Technologies, Integration Platforms, and Next-Generation Roadmap",

abstract = "This paper presents a holistic and authoritative review of the role of microwave technologies in enabling a new generation of wearable devices. A human-centric Internet of Things (IoT) covering remote healthcare, distributed sensing, and consumer electronics, calls for high-performance wearable devices integrated into clothing, which require interdisciplinary research efforts to emerge. Microwaves, the 'interconnect' of wireless networks, can enable, rather than solely connect, the next generation of autonomous, sustainable, and wearable-friendly electronics. First, enabling technologies including wireless power transmission and RF energy harvesting, backscattering and passive communication, RFID, and electromagnetic sensing are reviewed. We then discuss the key integration platforms, covering smart fabrics and electronic textiles, additive manufacturing, printed electronics, natively-flexible and organic RF semiconductors, and fully-integrated CMOS systems, where opportunities for hybrid integration are highlighted. The emerging research trends, from mmWave 6G, RF sensing and imaging, to healthcare applications including neural implants, drug delivery, and safety upon exposure to microwaves are re-visited and discussed, presenting a future roadmap for interdisciplinary research towards sustainable and reliable next-generation wearables.",

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author = "Mahmoud Wagih and Leonardo Balocchi and Francesca Benassi and Carvalho, {Nuno B.} and Chiao, {Jung Chih} and Ricardo Correia and Alessandra Costanzo and Yepu Cui and Dimitra Georgiadou and Carolina Gouveia and Jasmin Grosinger and Ho, {John S.} and Kexin Hu and Abiodun Komolafe and Sam Lemey and Caroline Loss and Gaetano Marrocco and Paul Mitcheson and Valentina Palazzi and Nicoletta Panunzio and Giacomo Paolini and Pedro Pinho and Josef Preishuber-Pflugl and Yasser Qaragoez and Hamed Rahmani and Hendrik Rogier and Lopera, {Jose Romero} and Luca Roselli and Dominique Schreurs and Manos Tentzeris and Xi Tian and Russel Torah and Ricardo Torres and {Van Torre}, Patrick and Dieff Vital and Steve Beeby",

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AU - Chiao, Jung Chih

AU - Correia, Ricardo

AU - Costanzo, Alessandra

AU - Cui, Yepu

AU - Georgiadou, Dimitra

AU - Gouveia, Carolina

AU - Grosinger, Jasmin

AU - Ho, John S.

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AU - Loss, Caroline

AU - Marrocco, Gaetano

AU - Mitcheson, Paul

AU - Palazzi, Valentina

AU - Panunzio, Nicoletta

AU - Paolini, Giacomo

AU - Pinho, Pedro

AU - Preishuber-Pflugl, Josef

AU - Qaragoez, Yasser

AU - Rahmani, Hamed

AU - Rogier, Hendrik

AU - Lopera, Jose Romero

AU - Roselli, Luca

AU - Schreurs, Dominique

AU - Tentzeris, Manos

AU - Tian, Xi

AU - Torah, Russel

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Microwave-Enabled Wearables: Underpinning Technologies, Integration Platforms, and Next-Generation Roadmap

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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