Millimeter-wave base station diversity for 5G coordinated multipoint (CoMP) applications

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) will be used for fifth-generation (5G) wireless systems. While many recent empirical studies have presented propagation characteristics at mmWave bands, macrodiversity and Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) have not been carefully studied. This paper describes a large-scale mmWave base station diversity measurement campaign at 73 GHz in an urban microcell (UMi) in downtown, Brooklyn, NY, USA, and provides the first detailed analysis of CoMP and macrodiversity performance based on extensive measurements. The research employed nine different base station locations in a 200 m by 200 m area and considered 36 individual transmitter-receiver combinations for extensive co- A nd cross-polarized varying directional beam channel impulse response measurements. From the measured data, hypothesis testing with cross-validation shows that large-scale shadow fading of directional path loss at an RX from multiple base stations can be modeled as being independent. To consider life-like human blockage in CoMP and macrodiversity analysis, simulated human blockage traces are superimposed on the directional measurements to quantitatively show that a user that is served by multiple base stations undergoes dramatically less outage in the presence of rapid fading events, compared to a single serving base station. Moreover, the base station diversity measurements are used to determine the effectiveness of downlink precoding techniques for mmWave CoMP. While results show that the coordination can improve network performance by suppressing interference when it exists, nearly half of the 680 000 directional CoMP measurements (43%) result in no interference for either user, meaning that macrodiversity alone may offer sufficient link and capacity improvement and that CoMP may not be necessary for interference coordination at mmWave when narrow directional beams are used.