TY - JOUR
T1 - Mucosal innate immune factors in the female genital tract are associated with vaginal HIV-1 shedding independent of plasma viral load
AU - Cummins, James E.
AU - Christensen, Logan
AU - Lennox, Jeffery L.
AU - Bush, Timothy J.
AU - Wu, Zhiwei
AU - Malamud, Daniel
AU - Evans-Strickfaden, Tammy
AU - Siddig, Aladin
AU - Caliendo, Angela M.
AU - Hart, Clyde E.
AU - Dezzutti, Charlene S.
PY - 2006/8
Y1 - 2006/8
N2 - Recent studies indicate that mucosal innate immune factors modulate HIV-1 infection in vitro. Our interest was to examine the levels of innate mucosal factors for their potential association with HIV-1 shedding in the female genital tract. Vaginal lavages were collected from HIV-1-infected women who had vaginal viral loads (VVL) that were below, within, or above the 90% confidence interval (CI) predicted by their matched plasma viral loads. Innate immune factors [cathepsin D, lactoferrin (Lf), myeloid related protein (MRP)-8, MRP-8/14, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, and gp340], cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α), and chemokines (MIP-1α, MIP-1β, RANTES, and SDF-1α) were quantified by ELISA. Leukocyte levels were determined using a leukocyte reagent strip for urinalysis. Lf, MRP-8/14, gp340, and IL-1β levels were significantly higher in vaginal lavages above the 90% CI and generally correlated with each other and with VVL. Leukocyte levels were significantly higher in the lavages that had virus shedding above the 90% CI and correlated strongly with Lf levels and VVL. In this group of women, these results suggest that the levels of certain innate immune factors are more closely associated with HIV-1 shedding in the genital mucosa than plasma virus concentrations.
AB - Recent studies indicate that mucosal innate immune factors modulate HIV-1 infection in vitro. Our interest was to examine the levels of innate mucosal factors for their potential association with HIV-1 shedding in the female genital tract. Vaginal lavages were collected from HIV-1-infected women who had vaginal viral loads (VVL) that were below, within, or above the 90% confidence interval (CI) predicted by their matched plasma viral loads. Innate immune factors [cathepsin D, lactoferrin (Lf), myeloid related protein (MRP)-8, MRP-8/14, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, and gp340], cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α), and chemokines (MIP-1α, MIP-1β, RANTES, and SDF-1α) were quantified by ELISA. Leukocyte levels were determined using a leukocyte reagent strip for urinalysis. Lf, MRP-8/14, gp340, and IL-1β levels were significantly higher in vaginal lavages above the 90% CI and generally correlated with each other and with VVL. Leukocyte levels were significantly higher in the lavages that had virus shedding above the 90% CI and correlated strongly with Lf levels and VVL. In this group of women, these results suggest that the levels of certain innate immune factors are more closely associated with HIV-1 shedding in the genital mucosa than plasma virus concentrations.
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U2 - 10.1089/aid.2006.22.788
DO - 10.1089/aid.2006.22.788
M3 - Article
C2 - 16910835
AN - SCOPUS:33748747491
SN - 0889-2229
VL - 22
SP - 788
EP - 795
JO - AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
JF - AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
IS - 8
ER -