TY - JOUR
T1 - Multiscale Visualization and Quantitative Analysis of l -Cystine Crystal Dissolution
AU - Adobes-Vidal, Maria
AU - Shtukenberg, Alexander G.
AU - Ward, Michael D.
AU - Unwin, Patrick R.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the European Research council (ERC-2009-AdG247143-QUANTIF) Marie Curie Initial Training Network FP7-PEOPLE-2012-ITN Grant Agreement Number 31663 CAS-IDP (M.A-V.). This work was supported partially by the MRSEC Program of the National Science Foundation under Award Number DMR-1420073, by the GOALI program of the National Science Foundation under award DMR-1206337, and by the NSF CRIF Program (CHE-0840277) for the shared facilities.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2017/4/5
Y1 - 2017/4/5
N2 - There is considerable interest in the growth and dissolution of the hexagonal form of l-cystine crystals, not in the least because l-cystine kidney stones - aggregates of single crystals of l-cystine - are a consequence of the genetic disorder cystinuria. While recent investigations have revealed the growth mechanism and kinetics of l-cystine crystals at the molecular level, the dissolution process has not yet been considered. Dissolution involves coupled surface and diffusion processes at different crystal faces exposed to solution, presenting a significant challenge for quantitative physicochemical measurements. The multimicroscopy approach herein uses a range of complementary in situ microscopy techniques - atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM), and optical microscopy - combined with finite element method (FEM) analysis, to reveal the mechanism of face-specific dissolution and the associated kinetics. Dissolution from the {0001} face involves the formation of funnel-shaped hexagonal pits, centered at single screw dislocation cores, but the handedness of the dissolution spirals is opposite to that found for steps in growth spirals. Significantly, step velocities measured by AFM quantitatively scale up to capture the overall dissolution kinetics of this face, and the measurements further serve as a roadmap for the quantitative analysis of single crystal dissolution and growth.
AB - There is considerable interest in the growth and dissolution of the hexagonal form of l-cystine crystals, not in the least because l-cystine kidney stones - aggregates of single crystals of l-cystine - are a consequence of the genetic disorder cystinuria. While recent investigations have revealed the growth mechanism and kinetics of l-cystine crystals at the molecular level, the dissolution process has not yet been considered. Dissolution involves coupled surface and diffusion processes at different crystal faces exposed to solution, presenting a significant challenge for quantitative physicochemical measurements. The multimicroscopy approach herein uses a range of complementary in situ microscopy techniques - atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM), and optical microscopy - combined with finite element method (FEM) analysis, to reveal the mechanism of face-specific dissolution and the associated kinetics. Dissolution from the {0001} face involves the formation of funnel-shaped hexagonal pits, centered at single screw dislocation cores, but the handedness of the dissolution spirals is opposite to that found for steps in growth spirals. Significantly, step velocities measured by AFM quantitatively scale up to capture the overall dissolution kinetics of this face, and the measurements further serve as a roadmap for the quantitative analysis of single crystal dissolution and growth.
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U2 - 10.1021/acs.cgd.6b01760
DO - 10.1021/acs.cgd.6b01760
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85017155620
VL - 17
SP - 1766
EP - 1774
JO - Crystal Growth and Design
JF - Crystal Growth and Design
SN - 1528-7483
IS - 4
ER -