Neighbourhood alcohol environment and injury risk: A spatial analysis of pedestrian injury in Baltimore City

Elizabeth D. Nesoff; Adam J. Milam; Keshia M. Pollack; Frank C. Curriero; Janice V. Bowie; Amy R. Knowlton; Andrea C. Gielen; Debra M. Furr-Holden

doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2018-042736

Neighbourhood alcohol environment and injury risk: A spatial analysis of pedestrian injury in Baltimore City

Elizabeth D. Nesoff, Adam J. Milam, Keshia M. Pollack, Frank C. Curriero, Janice V. Bowie, Amy R. Knowlton, Andrea C. Gielen, Debra M. Furr-Holden

Global Public Health

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of neighbourhood disorder around alcohol outlets to pedestrian injury risk.

METHODS: A spatial analysis was conducted on census block groups in Baltimore City. Data included pedestrian injury EMS records from 1 January 2014 to 15 April 2015 (n=858), off-premise alcohol outlet locations for 2014 (n=693) and neighbourhood disorder indicators and demographics. Negative binomial regression models were used to determine the relationship between alcohol outlet count and pedestrian injuries at the block group level, controlling for other neighbourhood factors. Attributable risk was calculated by comparing the total population count per census block group to the injured pedestrian count.

RESULTS: Each one-unit increase in the number of alcohol outlets was associated with a 14.2% (95% CI 1.099 to 1.192, P<0.001) increase in the RR of neighbourhood pedestrian injury, adjusting for traffic volume, pedestrian volume, population density, per cent of vacant lots and median household income. The attributable risk was 10.4% (95% CI 7.7 to 12.7) or 88 extra injuries. Vacant lots was the only significant neighbourhood disorder indicator in the final adjusted model (RR=1.016, 95% CI 1.007 to 1.026, P=0.003). Vacant lots have not been previously investigated as possible risk factors for pedestrian injury.

CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies modifiable risk factors for pedestrian injury previously unexplored in the literature and may provide evidence for alcohol control strategies (eg, liquor store licencing, zoning and enforcement).

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	350-356
Number of pages	7
Journal	Injury Prevention
Volume	25
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2018-042736
State	Published - Oct 1 2019

Keywords

alcohol
geographical / spatial analysis
pedestrian
urban
Cross-Sectional Studies
Humans
Risk Factors
Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data
Male
Accidents, Traffic
Baltimore/epidemiology
Regression Analysis
Spatial Analysis
Adult
Crime/statistics & numerical data
Environment Design
Female
Pedestrians/statistics & numerical data
Wounds and Injuries/etiology
Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

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10.1136/injuryprev-2018-042736

Cite this

@article{eb81577c015c4e7d9dccb48dbbc2d3ba,

title = "Neighbourhood alcohol environment and injury risk: A spatial analysis of pedestrian injury in Baltimore City",

abstract = "OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of neighbourhood disorder around alcohol outlets to pedestrian injury risk.METHODS: A spatial analysis was conducted on census block groups in Baltimore City. Data included pedestrian injury EMS records from 1 January 2014 to 15 April 2015 (n=858), off-premise alcohol outlet locations for 2014 (n=693) and neighbourhood disorder indicators and demographics. Negative binomial regression models were used to determine the relationship between alcohol outlet count and pedestrian injuries at the block group level, controlling for other neighbourhood factors. Attributable risk was calculated by comparing the total population count per census block group to the injured pedestrian count.RESULTS: Each one-unit increase in the number of alcohol outlets was associated with a 14.2% (95% CI 1.099 to 1.192, P<0.001) increase in the RR of neighbourhood pedestrian injury, adjusting for traffic volume, pedestrian volume, population density, per cent of vacant lots and median household income. The attributable risk was 10.4% (95% CI 7.7 to 12.7) or 88 extra injuries. Vacant lots was the only significant neighbourhood disorder indicator in the final adjusted model (RR=1.016, 95% CI 1.007 to 1.026, P=0.003). Vacant lots have not been previously investigated as possible risk factors for pedestrian injury.CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies modifiable risk factors for pedestrian injury previously unexplored in the literature and may provide evidence for alcohol control strategies (eg, liquor store licencing, zoning and enforcement).",

keywords = "alcohol, geographical / spatial analysis, pedestrian, urban, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Risk Factors, Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data, Male, Accidents, Traffic, Baltimore/epidemiology, Regression Analysis, Spatial Analysis, Adult, Crime/statistics & numerical data, Environment Design, Female, Pedestrians/statistics & numerical data, Wounds and Injuries/etiology, Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects",

author = "Nesoff, {Elizabeth D.} and Milam, {Adam J.} and Pollack, {Keshia M.} and Curriero, {Frank C.} and Bowie, {Janice V.} and Knowlton, {Amy R.} and Gielen, {Andrea C.} and Furr-Holden, {Debra M.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2019. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.",

year = "2019",

month = oct,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1136/injuryprev-2018-042736",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "25",

pages = "350--356",

journal = "Injury Prevention",

issn = "1353-8047",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Neighbourhood alcohol environment and injury risk

T2 - A spatial analysis of pedestrian injury in Baltimore City

AU - Nesoff, Elizabeth D.

AU - Milam, Adam J.

AU - Pollack, Keshia M.

AU - Curriero, Frank C.

AU - Bowie, Janice V.

AU - Knowlton, Amy R.

AU - Gielen, Andrea C.

AU - Furr-Holden, Debra M.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2019. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

PY - 2019/10/1

Y1 - 2019/10/1

N2 - OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of neighbourhood disorder around alcohol outlets to pedestrian injury risk.METHODS: A spatial analysis was conducted on census block groups in Baltimore City. Data included pedestrian injury EMS records from 1 January 2014 to 15 April 2015 (n=858), off-premise alcohol outlet locations for 2014 (n=693) and neighbourhood disorder indicators and demographics. Negative binomial regression models were used to determine the relationship between alcohol outlet count and pedestrian injuries at the block group level, controlling for other neighbourhood factors. Attributable risk was calculated by comparing the total population count per census block group to the injured pedestrian count.RESULTS: Each one-unit increase in the number of alcohol outlets was associated with a 14.2% (95% CI 1.099 to 1.192, P<0.001) increase in the RR of neighbourhood pedestrian injury, adjusting for traffic volume, pedestrian volume, population density, per cent of vacant lots and median household income. The attributable risk was 10.4% (95% CI 7.7 to 12.7) or 88 extra injuries. Vacant lots was the only significant neighbourhood disorder indicator in the final adjusted model (RR=1.016, 95% CI 1.007 to 1.026, P=0.003). Vacant lots have not been previously investigated as possible risk factors for pedestrian injury.CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies modifiable risk factors for pedestrian injury previously unexplored in the literature and may provide evidence for alcohol control strategies (eg, liquor store licencing, zoning and enforcement).

AB - OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of neighbourhood disorder around alcohol outlets to pedestrian injury risk.METHODS: A spatial analysis was conducted on census block groups in Baltimore City. Data included pedestrian injury EMS records from 1 January 2014 to 15 April 2015 (n=858), off-premise alcohol outlet locations for 2014 (n=693) and neighbourhood disorder indicators and demographics. Negative binomial regression models were used to determine the relationship between alcohol outlet count and pedestrian injuries at the block group level, controlling for other neighbourhood factors. Attributable risk was calculated by comparing the total population count per census block group to the injured pedestrian count.RESULTS: Each one-unit increase in the number of alcohol outlets was associated with a 14.2% (95% CI 1.099 to 1.192, P<0.001) increase in the RR of neighbourhood pedestrian injury, adjusting for traffic volume, pedestrian volume, population density, per cent of vacant lots and median household income. The attributable risk was 10.4% (95% CI 7.7 to 12.7) or 88 extra injuries. Vacant lots was the only significant neighbourhood disorder indicator in the final adjusted model (RR=1.016, 95% CI 1.007 to 1.026, P=0.003). Vacant lots have not been previously investigated as possible risk factors for pedestrian injury.CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies modifiable risk factors for pedestrian injury previously unexplored in the literature and may provide evidence for alcohol control strategies (eg, liquor store licencing, zoning and enforcement).

KW - alcohol

KW - geographical / spatial analysis

KW - pedestrian

KW - urban

KW - Cross-Sectional Studies

KW - Humans

KW - Risk Factors

KW - Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data

KW - Male

KW - Accidents, Traffic

KW - Baltimore/epidemiology

KW - Regression Analysis

KW - Spatial Analysis

KW - Adult

KW - Crime/statistics & numerical data

KW - Environment Design

KW - Female

KW - Pedestrians/statistics & numerical data

KW - Wounds and Injuries/etiology

KW - Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects

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U2 - 10.1136/injuryprev-2018-042736

DO - 10.1136/injuryprev-2018-042736

M3 - Article

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AN - SCOPUS:85072578849

SN - 1353-8047

VL - 25

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EP - 356

JO - Injury Prevention

JF - Injury Prevention

IS - 5

ER -

Neighbourhood alcohol environment and injury risk: A spatial analysis of pedestrian injury in Baltimore City

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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