TY - JOUR
T1 - Non-Photochemical Pulsed-Laser-Induced Nucleation in a Continuous-Wave-Laser-Induced Phase-Separated Solution Droplet of Aqueous Glycine Formed by Optical Gradient Forces
AU - Gowayed, Omar
AU - Tasnim, Tasfia
AU - Fuentes-Rivera, José J.
AU - Aber, Janice E.
AU - Garetz, Bruce A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2019/12/4
Y1 - 2019/12/4
N2 - A centimeter-sized, laser-induced phase-separated (LIPS) solution droplet, which was formed by tightly focusing a continuous-wave near-infrared laser beam at the glass/solution interface of a millimeter-thick layer of glycine in D2O with a supersaturation ratio, S, of 1.36 was irradiated with a single unfocused nanosecond near-infrared laser pulse in order to study the effect of non-photochemical laser-induced nucleation (NPLIN) on the droplet, as well as to help characterize the behavior of the LIPS droplet. Additionally, a control NPLIN experiment was conducted on an S = 1.50 supersaturated solution of glycine/D2O in the same cell to better understand the differences between NPLIN in a LIPS droplet and an ordinary supersaturated solution. These experiments revealed that NPLIN could nucleate crystals within a LIPS droplet, although the growth of these crystals was inhibited during the first 5 min of the droplet's relaxation. For the first 40 min of its relaxation, the LIPS droplet was observed to be more labile to spontaneous nucleation than the control S = 1.50 solution, although the growth of spontaneously nucleated crystals was also inhibited during the first 5 min of the droplet's relaxation. This suggests that although the macroscopic phase boundary between the LIPS droplet and the surrounding solution disappeared after approximately 5 min, the full microscopic relaxation of the LIPS droplet took at least 40 min. The resulting crystals were analyzed using powder X-ray diffraction, and 100% of crystals formed within the LIPS droplet induced by NPLIN with linearly polarized light and by spontaneous nucleation were α-glycine, while crystals formed outside of the LIPS droplet were mixtures of α- and γ-glycine. The results suggest that the LIPS droplet and the surrounding solution are not equilibrium phases of aqueous glycine, but phases in which optical gradient forces have induced a partitioning of large and small solute clusters.
AB - A centimeter-sized, laser-induced phase-separated (LIPS) solution droplet, which was formed by tightly focusing a continuous-wave near-infrared laser beam at the glass/solution interface of a millimeter-thick layer of glycine in D2O with a supersaturation ratio, S, of 1.36 was irradiated with a single unfocused nanosecond near-infrared laser pulse in order to study the effect of non-photochemical laser-induced nucleation (NPLIN) on the droplet, as well as to help characterize the behavior of the LIPS droplet. Additionally, a control NPLIN experiment was conducted on an S = 1.50 supersaturated solution of glycine/D2O in the same cell to better understand the differences between NPLIN in a LIPS droplet and an ordinary supersaturated solution. These experiments revealed that NPLIN could nucleate crystals within a LIPS droplet, although the growth of these crystals was inhibited during the first 5 min of the droplet's relaxation. For the first 40 min of its relaxation, the LIPS droplet was observed to be more labile to spontaneous nucleation than the control S = 1.50 solution, although the growth of spontaneously nucleated crystals was also inhibited during the first 5 min of the droplet's relaxation. This suggests that although the macroscopic phase boundary between the LIPS droplet and the surrounding solution disappeared after approximately 5 min, the full microscopic relaxation of the LIPS droplet took at least 40 min. The resulting crystals were analyzed using powder X-ray diffraction, and 100% of crystals formed within the LIPS droplet induced by NPLIN with linearly polarized light and by spontaneous nucleation were α-glycine, while crystals formed outside of the LIPS droplet were mixtures of α- and γ-glycine. The results suggest that the LIPS droplet and the surrounding solution are not equilibrium phases of aqueous glycine, but phases in which optical gradient forces have induced a partitioning of large and small solute clusters.
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U2 - 10.1021/acs.cgd.9b01255
DO - 10.1021/acs.cgd.9b01255
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85075144546
SN - 1528-7483
VL - 19
SP - 7372
EP - 7379
JO - Crystal Growth and Design
JF - Crystal Growth and Design
IS - 12
ER -