@article{f91685d70b3d4c7aa3fe3d1b3be7955a,
title = "Path Loss, Delay Spread, and Outage Models as Functions of Antenna Height for Microcellular System Design",
abstract = "This paper presents results of wide-band path loss and delay spread measurements for five representative microcel-lolar environments in the San Francisco Bay area at 1900 MHz. Measurements were made with a wide-band channel sounder using a 100-ns probing pulse. Base station antenna heights of 3.7 m, 8.5 m, and 13.3 m were tested with a mobile receiver antenna height of 1,7 m to emulate a typical microcellular scenario. The results presented in this paper provide insight into the satistical distributions of measured path loss by showing the validity of a double regression model with a break point at a distance that has first Fresnel zone clearance for line-or-sight topographies. The variation of delay spread as a function of path loss is also investigated, and a simple exponential overbound model is developed. The path loss and delay spread models are then applied to communication system design allowing outage probabilities, based on path loss or delay spread, to be estimated for a given microcell size.",
author = "Feuerstein, {Martin J.} and Blackard, {Kenneth L.} and Theodore Rappaport and Seidel, {Scott Y.} and Xia, {Howard H.}",
note = "Funding Information: Manuscript received May 7, 1992; revised June 30, 1992 and October 5, 1992. This work was supported by Telesis Technologies Laboratory, Inc., of Walnut Creek, CA, and TSR Technologies, Inc., of Blacksburg, VA. M. J. Feuerstein was with Mobile & Portable Radio Research Group, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. He is now with US West Newvector, Bellevue, WA 98008-1329 USA. K. L. Blackard was with Mobile & Portable Radio Research Group, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. He is now with the Federal Bureau of Investigations, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. T. S. Rappaport is with Mobile & Portable Radio Research Group, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. S. Y. Seidel was with Mobile & Portable Radio Research Group, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. He is now with Bell Communications Research, Red Bank, NJ 07701-7040 USA. H. H. Xia is with Telesis Technologies Laboratory, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. IEEE Log Number 9212490.",
year = "1994",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1109/25.312809",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "43",
pages = "487--498",
journal = "IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology",
issn = "0018-9545",
publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",
number = "3",
}