TY - GEN
T1 - Path loss models for 5G millimeter wave propagation channels in urban microcells
AU - Maccartney, George R.
AU - Zhang, Junhong
AU - Nie, Shuai
AU - Rappaport, Theodore S.
PY - 2013
Y1 - 2013
N2 - Measurements for future outdoor cellular systems at 28 GHz and 38 GHz were conducted in urban microcellular environments in New York City and Austin, Texas, respectively. Measurements in both line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight scenarios used multiple combinations of steerable transmit and receive antennas (e.g. 24.5 dBi horn antennas with 10.9° half power beamwidths at 28 GHz, 25 dBi horn antennas with 7.8°half power beamwidths at 38 GHz, and 13.3 dBi horn antennas with 24.7° half power beamwidths at 38 GHz) at different transmit antenna heights. Based on the measured data, we present path loss models suitable for the development of fifth generation (5G) standards that show the distance dependency of received power. In this paper, path loss is expressed in easy-to-use formulas as the sum of a distant dependent path loss factor, a floating intercept, and a shadowing factor that minimizes the mean square error fit to the empirical data. The new models are compared with previous models that were limited to using a close-in free space reference distance. Here, we illustrate the differences of the two modeling approaches, and show that a floating intercept model reduces the shadow factors by several dB and offers smaller path loss exponents while simultaneously providing a better fit to the empirical data. The upshot of these new path loss models is that coverage is actually better than first suggested by work in [1], [7] and [8].
AB - Measurements for future outdoor cellular systems at 28 GHz and 38 GHz were conducted in urban microcellular environments in New York City and Austin, Texas, respectively. Measurements in both line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight scenarios used multiple combinations of steerable transmit and receive antennas (e.g. 24.5 dBi horn antennas with 10.9° half power beamwidths at 28 GHz, 25 dBi horn antennas with 7.8°half power beamwidths at 38 GHz, and 13.3 dBi horn antennas with 24.7° half power beamwidths at 38 GHz) at different transmit antenna heights. Based on the measured data, we present path loss models suitable for the development of fifth generation (5G) standards that show the distance dependency of received power. In this paper, path loss is expressed in easy-to-use formulas as the sum of a distant dependent path loss factor, a floating intercept, and a shadowing factor that minimizes the mean square error fit to the empirical data. The new models are compared with previous models that were limited to using a close-in free space reference distance. Here, we illustrate the differences of the two modeling approaches, and show that a floating intercept model reduces the shadow factors by several dB and offers smaller path loss exponents while simultaneously providing a better fit to the empirical data. The upshot of these new path loss models is that coverage is actually better than first suggested by work in [1], [7] and [8].
KW - 28 GHz
KW - 38 GHz
KW - 5G
KW - cellular standard
KW - channel sounder
KW - millimeter wave
KW - path loss model
KW - shadow fading
KW - statistical spatial channel model
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84904133515&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84904133515&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/GLOCOM.2013.6831690
DO - 10.1109/GLOCOM.2013.6831690
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:84904133515
SN - 9781479913534
SN - 9781479913534
T3 - Proceedings - IEEE Global Communications Conference, GLOBECOM
SP - 3948
EP - 3953
BT - 2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference, GLOBECOM 2013
T2 - 2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference, GLOBECOM 2013
Y2 - 9 December 2013 through 13 December 2013
ER -