TY - JOUR
T1 - Photonic band structure
T2 - Non-spherical atoms in the face-centered-cubic case
AU - Yablonovitch, E.
AU - Leung, K. M.
N1 - Funding Information:
At a typical semiconductor refractive index, n = 3.6, the 3-d forbidden gap width is 19% of its center frequency. We have repeated the calculation at lower refractive indices, re-optimizing the hole diameter. Our calculations indicate that the gap remains open for refractive indices as low as n = 2.1 using circular holes as in fig. 2. In reactive ion etching, the projection of circular mask openings at 35 ° leaves oval holes in the material, which might not perform as well. Fortunately we found, defying Murphy's Law, that the forbidden gap width for oval holes is actually improved, fully 21.7% of its center frequency. In the visible region, there are many transparent optical materials available with a refractive index above 2.1. Furthermore, state-of-the-art reactive ion etching \[14\]c an produce holes that are ~>20 times deeper than their diameter, deep enough to produce an FCC photonic crystal with substantial inhibition in the forbidden gap. It appears that the application of photonic band gaps to semiconductor physics, optical, and atomic physics may soon be practical. E.Y. would like to thank the authors of ref. \[5\] for telling about their diamond structure calculations before publication, and for intensive discussions of the degenerate Bloch wave functions at the W-point. John Gural deserves special thanks for this patience, dedication, and skilled machin- ing of tens of thousands of holes, which made this project possible. K.M.L.'s work is supported by ONR contract N00014-88-0500.
Copyright:
Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 1991/12/1
Y1 - 1991/12/1
N2 - We introduce a practical, new, face-centered-cubic (FCC) dielectric structure which simultaneously solves two of the outstanding problems in photonic band structure. In this new "photonic crystal" the atoms are non-spherical, lifting the degeneracy at the W-point of the Brillouin zone, and permitting a full photonic band gap rather than a pseudogap. Furthermore, this fully 3-dimensional FCC structure lends itself readily to microfabrication on the scale of optical wavelengths. It is created by simply drilling 3 sets of holes 35.26° off the vertical into the top surface of a solid slab or wafer, as can be done for example by chemical beam assisted ion etching. It appears that the application of photonic band gaps to semiconductor physics, optical and atomic physics may soon be practical.
AB - We introduce a practical, new, face-centered-cubic (FCC) dielectric structure which simultaneously solves two of the outstanding problems in photonic band structure. In this new "photonic crystal" the atoms are non-spherical, lifting the degeneracy at the W-point of the Brillouin zone, and permitting a full photonic band gap rather than a pseudogap. Furthermore, this fully 3-dimensional FCC structure lends itself readily to microfabrication on the scale of optical wavelengths. It is created by simply drilling 3 sets of holes 35.26° off the vertical into the top surface of a solid slab or wafer, as can be done for example by chemical beam assisted ion etching. It appears that the application of photonic band gaps to semiconductor physics, optical and atomic physics may soon be practical.
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U2 - 10.1016/0921-4526(91)90696-C
DO - 10.1016/0921-4526(91)90696-C
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0026391252
VL - 175
SP - 81
EP - 86
JO - Physica B: Condensed Matter
JF - Physica B: Condensed Matter
SN - 0921-4526
IS - 1-3
ER -