TY - JOUR
T1 - Physical causes of solar cycle amplitude variability
AU - Cameron, R. H.
AU - Jiang, J.
AU - Schüssler, M.
AU - Gizon, L.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
PY - 2014/2/1
Y1 - 2014/2/1
N2 - The level of solar activity varies from cycle to cycle. This variability is probably caused by a combination of nonlinear and random effects. Based on surface flux transport simulations, we show that the observed inflows into active regions and toward the activity belts provide an important nonlinearity in the framework of Babcock-Leighton model for the solar dynamo. Inclusion of these inflows also leads to a reproduction of the observed proportionality between the open heliospheric flux during activity minima and the maximum sunspot number of the following cycle. A substantial component of the random variability of the cycle strength is associated with the cross-equatorial flux plumes that occur when large, highly tilted sunspot groups emerge close to the equator. We show that the flux transported by these events is important for the amplitude of the polar fields and open flux during activity minima. The combined action of inflows and cross-equatorial flux plumes provides an explanation for the weakness of the polar fields at the end of solar cycle 23 (and hence for the relative weakness of solar cycle 24).
AB - The level of solar activity varies from cycle to cycle. This variability is probably caused by a combination of nonlinear and random effects. Based on surface flux transport simulations, we show that the observed inflows into active regions and toward the activity belts provide an important nonlinearity in the framework of Babcock-Leighton model for the solar dynamo. Inclusion of these inflows also leads to a reproduction of the observed proportionality between the open heliospheric flux during activity minima and the maximum sunspot number of the following cycle. A substantial component of the random variability of the cycle strength is associated with the cross-equatorial flux plumes that occur when large, highly tilted sunspot groups emerge close to the equator. We show that the flux transported by these events is important for the amplitude of the polar fields and open flux during activity minima. The combined action of inflows and cross-equatorial flux plumes provides an explanation for the weakness of the polar fields at the end of solar cycle 23 (and hence for the relative weakness of solar cycle 24).
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U2 - 10.1002/2013JA019498
DO - 10.1002/2013JA019498
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84905157533
SN - 2169-9402
VL - 119
SP - 680
EP - 688
JO - Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
IS - 2
ER -