Policy entrepreneurship in climate governance: toward a comparative approach

This paper draws out lessons from the special issue, laying out elements of research agenda on climate policy entrepreneurship. First, I offer an expanded definition of entrepreneurship, which distinguishes between the entrepreneurs themselves and the strategies they employ. Further refinements of the concept of entrepreneurship should specify other relevant dimensions of variation, such as the desired outcome, and the expected time frame in which it is to be achieved. I then present a simple causal model of entrepreneurship to facilitate future comparative research. Based on the papers in the special issue, I derive several testable hypotheses for future research. Finally, I argue that we must also consider the ‘‘expansive effects’’ of policy entrepreneurs: the extent to which their actions lead to changes beyond those intended. I offer some approaches to begin to study these broader effects.