Polygenic scores associated with educational attainment in adults predict educational achievement and ADHD symptoms in children

Eveline L. de Zeeuw; Catharina E.M. van Beijsterveldt; Tina J. Glasner; M. Bartels; Erik A. Ehli; Gareth E. Davies; James J. Hudziak; Cornelius A. Rietveld; Maria M. Groen-Blokhuis; Jouke Jan Hottenga; Eco J.C. de Geus; Dorret I. Boomsma; Abdel Abdellaoui; Arpana Agrawal; Eva Albrecht; Behrooz Z. Alizadeh; Jüri Allik; Najaf Amin; John R. Attia; Stefania Bandinelli; John Barnard; François Bastardot; Sebastian E. Baumeister; Jonathan Beauchamp; Daniel J. Benjamin; Kelly S. Benke; David A. Bennett; Klaus Berger; Lawrence F. Bielak; Laura J. Bierut; Jeffrey A. Boatman; Patricia A. Boyle; Ute Bültmann; Harry Campbell; David Cesarini; Christopher F. Chabris; Lynn Cherkas; Mina K. Chung; Dalton Conley; Francesco Cucca; George Davey-Smith; Gail Davies; Mariza De Andrade; Philip L. De Jager; Christiaan De Leeuw; Jan Emmanuel De; Ian J. Deary; George V. Dedoussis; Panos Deloukas; Jaime Derringer; Maria Dimitriou; Gudny Eiriksdottir; Niina Eklund; Martin F. Elderson; Johan G. Eriksson; Esko Toñu Esko; Daniel S. Evans; David M. Evans; Jessica D. Faul; Rudolf Fehrmann; Luigi Ferrucci; Krista Fischer; Lude Franke; Melissa E. Garcia; Christian Gieger; Hakon K. Gjessing; Patrick J.F. Groenen; Henrik Grönberg; Vilmundur Gudnason; Sara Hägg; Per Hall; Jennifer R. Harris; Juliette M. Harris; Tamara B. Harris; Nicholas D. Hastie; Caroline Hayward; Andrew C. Heath; Dena G. Hernandez; Wolgang Hoffmann; Adriaan Hofman; Albert Hofman; Rolf Holle; Elizabeth G. Holliday; Christina Holzapfel; Jouke Jan Hottenga; William G. Iacono; Carla A. Ibrahim-Verbaas; Thomas Illig; Erik Ingelsson; Bo Jacobsson; Marjo Riitta Järvelin; Min A. Jhun; Magnus Johannesson; Peter K. Joshi; Astanand Jugessur; Marika Kaakinen; Mika Kähönen; Stavroula Kanoni; Jaakkko Kaprio; Sharon L.R. Kardia; Juha Karjalainen; Robert M. Kirkpatrick; Philipp D. Koellinger; Ivana Kolcic; Matthew Kowgier; Kati Kristiansson; Robert F. Krueger; Zó Ltan Kutalik; Jari Lahti; David Laibson; Antti Latvala; Lenore J. Launer; Debbie A. Lawlor; Sang H. Lee; Terho Lethimäki; Jingmei Li; Paul Lichtenstein; Peter K. Lichtner; David C. Liewald; Peng Lin; Penelope A. Lind; Yongmei Liu; Kurt Lohman; Marisa Loitfelder; Pamela A. Madden; Patrick K.E. Magnusson; Tomi E. Mäkinen; Pedro Marques Vidal; Nicolas W. Martin; Nicholas G. Martin; Marco Masala; Matt McGue; George McMahon; Sarah E. Medland; Osorio Meirelles; Andres Metspalu; Michelle N. Meyer; Andreas Mielck; Lili Milani; Michael B. Miller; Grant W. Montgomery; Sutapa Mukherjee; Ronny Myhre; Marja Liisa Nuotio; Dale R. Nyholt; Christopher J. Oldmeadow; Ben A. Oostra; Lyle J. Palmer; Aarno Palotie; Brenda Penninx; Markus Perola; Katja E. Petrovic; Wouter J. Peyrot; Patricia A. Peyser; Polasek Ozren Polasek; Danielle Posthuma; Martin Preisig; Lydia Quaye; Katri Räikkönen; Olli T. Raitakari; Anu Realo; Eva Reinmaa; John P. Rice; Susan M. Ring; Samuli Ripatti; Fernando Rivadeneira; Thais S. Rizzi; Igor Rudan; Aldo Rustichini; Veikko Salomaa; Antti Pekka Sarin; David Schlessinger; Helena Schmidt; Reinhold Schmidt; Rodney J. Scott; Konstantin Shakhbazov; Albert V. Smith; Jennifer A. Smith; Harold Snieder; Beate St Pourcain; John M. Starr; Jae Hoon Sul; Ida Surakka; Rauli Svento; Toshiko Tanaka; Antonio Terracciano; Alexander Teumer; A. Roy Thurik; Henning Tiemeier; Nicholas J. Timpson; André G. Uitterlinden; Matthijs J.H.M. Van Der Loos; Cornelia M. Van Duijn; Frank J.A. Van Rooij; David R. Van Wagoner; Erkki Vartiainen; Jorma Viikari; Peter M. Visscher; Veronique Vitart; Peter K. Vollenweider; Henry Völzke; Judith M. Vonk; Gérard Waeber; David R. Weir; Jürgen Wellmann; Harm Jan Westra; H. Erich Wichmann; Elisabeth Widen; Gonneke Willemsen; James F. Wilson; Alan F. Wright; Jian Yang; Lei Yu; Wei Zhao

doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32254

Polygenic scores associated with educational attainment in adults predict educational achievement and ADHD symptoms in children

Eveline L. de Zeeuw, Catharina E.M. van Beijsterveldt, Tina J. Glasner, M. Bartels, Erik A. Ehli, Gareth E. Davies, James J. Hudziak, Cornelius A. Rietveld, Maria M. Groen-Blokhuis, Jouke Jan Hottenga, Eco J.C. de Geus, Dorret I. Boomsma, Abdel Abdellaoui, Arpana Agrawal, Eva Albrecht, Behrooz Z. Alizadeh, Jüri Allik, Najaf Amin, John R. Attia, Stefania BandinelliJohn Barnard, François Bastardot, Sebastian E. Baumeister, Jonathan Beauchamp, Daniel J. Benjamin, Kelly S. Benke, David A. Bennett, Klaus Berger, Lawrence F. Bielak, Laura J. Bierut, Jeffrey A. Boatman, Patricia A. Boyle, Ute Bültmann, Harry Campbell, David Cesarini, Christopher F. Chabris, Lynn Cherkas, Mina K. Chung, Dalton Conley, Francesco Cucca, George Davey-Smith, Gail Davies, Mariza De Andrade, Philip L. De Jager, Christiaan De Leeuw, Jan Emmanuel De, Ian J. Deary, George V. Dedoussis, Panos Deloukas, Jaime Derringer, Maria Dimitriou, Gudny Eiriksdottir, Niina Eklund, Martin F. Elderson, Johan G. Eriksson, Esko Toñu Esko, Daniel S. Evans, David M. Evans, Jessica D. Faul, Rudolf Fehrmann, Luigi Ferrucci, Krista Fischer, Lude Franke, Melissa E. Garcia, Christian Gieger, Hakon K. Gjessing, Patrick J.F. Groenen, Henrik Grönberg, Vilmundur Gudnason, Sara Hägg, Per Hall, Jennifer R. Harris, Juliette M. Harris, Tamara B. Harris, Nicholas D. Hastie, Caroline Hayward, Andrew C. Heath, Dena G. Hernandez, Wolgang Hoffmann, Adriaan Hofman, Albert Hofman, Rolf Holle, Elizabeth G. Holliday, Christina Holzapfel, Jouke Jan Hottenga, William G. Iacono, Carla A. Ibrahim-Verbaas, Thomas Illig, Erik Ingelsson, Bo Jacobsson, Marjo Riitta Järvelin, Min A. Jhun, Magnus Johannesson, Peter K. Joshi, Astanand Jugessur, Marika Kaakinen, Mika Kähönen, Stavroula Kanoni, Jaakkko Kaprio, Sharon L.R. Kardia, Juha Karjalainen, Robert M. Kirkpatrick, Philipp D. Koellinger, Ivana Kolcic, Matthew Kowgier, Kati Kristiansson, Robert F. Krueger, Zó Ltan Kutalik, Jari Lahti, David Laibson, Antti Latvala, Lenore J. Launer, Debbie A. Lawlor, Sang H. Lee, Terho Lethimäki, Jingmei Li, Paul Lichtenstein, Peter K. Lichtner, David C. Liewald, Peng Lin, Penelope A. Lind, Yongmei Liu, Kurt Lohman, Marisa Loitfelder, Pamela A. Madden, Patrick K.E. Magnusson, Tomi E. Mäkinen, Pedro Marques Vidal, Nicolas W. Martin, Nicholas G. Martin, Marco Masala, Matt McGue, George McMahon, Sarah E. Medland, Osorio Meirelles, Andres Metspalu, Michelle N. Meyer, Andreas Mielck, Lili Milani, Michael B. Miller, Grant W. Montgomery, Sutapa Mukherjee, Ronny Myhre, Marja Liisa Nuotio, Dale R. Nyholt, Christopher J. Oldmeadow, Ben A. Oostra, Lyle J. Palmer, Aarno Palotie, Brenda Penninx, Markus Perola, Katja E. Petrovic, Wouter J. Peyrot, Patricia A. Peyser, Polasek Ozren Polasek, Danielle Posthuma, Martin Preisig, Lydia Quaye, Katri Räikkönen, Olli T. Raitakari, Anu Realo, Eva Reinmaa, John P. Rice, Susan M. Ring, Samuli Ripatti, Fernando Rivadeneira, Thais S. Rizzi, Igor Rudan, Aldo Rustichini, Veikko Salomaa, Antti Pekka Sarin, David Schlessinger, Helena Schmidt, Reinhold Schmidt, Rodney J. Scott, Konstantin Shakhbazov, Albert V. Smith, Jennifer A. Smith, Harold Snieder, Beate St Pourcain, John M. Starr, Jae Hoon Sul, Ida Surakka, Rauli Svento, Toshiko Tanaka, Antonio Terracciano, Alexander Teumer, A. Roy Thurik, Henning Tiemeier, Nicholas J. Timpson, André G. Uitterlinden, Matthijs J.H.M. Van Der Loos, Cornelia M. Van Duijn, Frank J.A. Van Rooij, David R. Van Wagoner, Erkki Vartiainen, Jorma Viikari, Peter M. Visscher, Veronique Vitart, Peter K. Vollenweider, Henry Völzke, Judith M. Vonk, Gérard Waeber, David R. Weir, Jürgen Wellmann, Harm Jan Westra, H. Erich Wichmann, Elisabeth Widen, Gonneke Willemsen, James F. Wilson, Alan F. Wright, Jian Yang, Lei Yu, Wei Zhao

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

The American Psychiatric Association estimates that 3 to 7 per cent of all school aged children are diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Even after correcting for general cognitive ability, numerous studies report a negative association between ADHD and educational achievement. With polygenic scores we examined whether genetic variants that have a positive influence on educational attainment have a protective effect against ADHD. The effect sizes from a large GWA meta-analysis of educational attainment in adults were used to calculate polygenic scores in an independent sample of 12-year-old children from the Netherlands Twin Register. Linear mixed models showed that the polygenic scores significantly predicted educational achievement, school performance, ADHD symptoms and attention problems in children. These results confirm the genetic overlap between ADHD and educational achievement, indicating that one way to gain insight into genetic variants responsible for variation in ADHD is to include data on educational achievement, which are available at a larger scale.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	510-520
Number of pages	11
Journal	American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics
Volume	165
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.32254
State	Published - Sep 2014

Keywords

ADHD
Educational achievement
Genetics
Polygenic scores
School performance

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Genetics(clinical)
Psychiatry and Mental health
Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

Access to Document

10.1002/ajmg.b.32254

Cite this

de Zeeuw, E. L., van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M., Glasner, T. J., Bartels, M., Ehli, E. A., Davies, G. E., Hudziak, J. J., Rietveld, C. A., Groen-Blokhuis, M. M., Hottenga, J. J., de Geus, E. J. C., Boomsma, D. I., Abdellaoui, A., Agrawal, A., Albrecht, E., Alizadeh, B. Z., Allik, J., Amin, N., Attia, J. R., ... Zhao, W. (2014). Polygenic scores associated with educational attainment in adults predict educational achievement and ADHD symptoms in children. American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 165(6), 510-520. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.32254

Polygenic scores associated with educational attainment in adults predict educational achievement and ADHD symptoms in children. / de Zeeuw, Eveline L.; van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E.M.; Glasner, Tina J. et al.
In: American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, Vol. 165, No. 6, 09.2014, p. 510-520.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

de Zeeuw, EL, van Beijsterveldt, CEM, Glasner, TJ, Bartels, M, Ehli, EA, Davies, GE, Hudziak, JJ, Rietveld, CA, Groen-Blokhuis, MM, Hottenga, JJ, de Geus, EJC, Boomsma, DI, Abdellaoui, A, Agrawal, A, Albrecht, E, Alizadeh, BZ, Allik, J, Amin, N, Attia, JR, Bandinelli, S, Barnard, J, Bastardot, F, Baumeister, SE, Beauchamp, J, Benjamin, DJ, Benke, KS, Bennett, DA, Berger, K, Bielak, LF, Bierut, LJ, Boatman, JA, Boyle, PA, Bültmann, U, Campbell, H, Cesarini, D, Chabris, CF, Cherkas, L, Chung, MK, Conley, D, Cucca, F, Davey-Smith, G, Davies, G, Andrade, MD, De Jager, PL, Leeuw, CD, De, JE, Deary, IJ, Dedoussis, GV, Deloukas, P, Derringer, J, Dimitriou, M, Eiriksdottir, G, Eklund, N, Elderson, MF, Eriksson, JG, Toñu Esko, E, Evans, DS, Evans, DM, Faul, JD, Fehrmann, R, Ferrucci, L, Fischer, K, Franke, L, Garcia, ME, Gieger, C, Gjessing, HK, Groenen, PJF, Grönberg, H, Gudnason, V, Hägg, S, Hall, P, Harris, JR, Harris, JM, Harris, TB, Hastie, ND, Hayward, C, Heath, AC, Hernandez, DG, Hoffmann, W, Hofman, A, Hofman, A, Holle, R, Holliday, EG, Holzapfel, C, Hottenga, JJ, Iacono, WG, Ibrahim-Verbaas, CA, Illig, T, Ingelsson, E, Jacobsson, B, Järvelin, MR, Jhun, MA, Johannesson, M, Joshi, PK, Jugessur, A, Kaakinen, M, Kähönen, M, Kanoni, S, Kaprio, J, Kardia, SLR, Karjalainen, J, Kirkpatrick, RM, Koellinger, PD, Kolcic, I, Kowgier, M, Kristiansson, K, Krueger, RF, Ltan Kutalik, Z, Lahti, J, Laibson, D, Latvala, A, Launer, LJ, Lawlor, DA, Lee, SH, Lethimäki, T, Li, J, Lichtenstein, P, Lichtner, PK, Liewald, DC, Lin, P, Lind, PA, Liu, Y, Lohman, K, Loitfelder, M, Madden, PA, Magnusson, PKE, Mäkinen, TE, Vidal, PM, Martin, NW, Martin, NG, Masala, M, McGue, M, McMahon, G, Medland, SE, Meirelles, O, Metspalu, A, Meyer, MN, Mielck, A, Milani, L, Miller, MB, Montgomery, GW, Mukherjee, S, Myhre, R, Nuotio, ML, Nyholt, DR, Oldmeadow, CJ, Oostra, BA, Palmer, LJ, Palotie, A, Penninx, B, Perola, M, Petrovic, KE, Peyrot, WJ, Peyser, PA, Ozren Polasek, P, Posthuma, D, Preisig, M, Quaye, L, Räikkönen, K, Raitakari, OT, Realo, A, Reinmaa, E, Rice, JP, Ring, SM, Ripatti, S, Rivadeneira, F, Rizzi, TS, Rudan, I, Rustichini, A, Salomaa, V, Sarin, AP, Schlessinger, D, Schmidt, H, Schmidt, R, Scott, RJ, Shakhbazov, K, Smith, AV, Smith, JA, Snieder, H, Pourcain, BS, Starr, JM, Sul, JH, Surakka, I, Svento, R, Tanaka, T, Terracciano, A, Teumer, A, Thurik, AR, Tiemeier, H, Timpson, NJ, Uitterlinden, AG, Van Der Loos, MJHM, Van Duijn, CM, Van Rooij, FJA, Van Wagoner, DR, Vartiainen, E, Viikari, J, Visscher, PM, Vitart, V, Vollenweider, PK, Völzke, H, Vonk, JM, Waeber, G, Weir, DR, Wellmann, J, Westra, HJ, Wichmann, HE, Widen, E, Willemsen, G, Wilson, JF, Wright, AF, Yang, J, Yu, L & Zhao, W 2014, 'Polygenic scores associated with educational attainment in adults predict educational achievement and ADHD symptoms in children', American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, vol. 165, no. 6, pp. 510-520. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.32254

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title = "Polygenic scores associated with educational attainment in adults predict educational achievement and ADHD symptoms in children",

abstract = "The American Psychiatric Association estimates that 3 to 7 per cent of all school aged children are diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Even after correcting for general cognitive ability, numerous studies report a negative association between ADHD and educational achievement. With polygenic scores we examined whether genetic variants that have a positive influence on educational attainment have a protective effect against ADHD. The effect sizes from a large GWA meta-analysis of educational attainment in adults were used to calculate polygenic scores in an independent sample of 12-year-old children from the Netherlands Twin Register. Linear mixed models showed that the polygenic scores significantly predicted educational achievement, school performance, ADHD symptoms and attention problems in children. These results confirm the genetic overlap between ADHD and educational achievement, indicating that one way to gain insight into genetic variants responsible for variation in ADHD is to include data on educational achievement, which are available at a larger scale.",

keywords = "ADHD, Educational achievement, Genetics, Polygenic scores, School performance",

author = "{de Zeeuw}, {Eveline L.} and {van Beijsterveldt}, {Catharina E.M.} and Glasner, {Tina J.} and M. Bartels and Ehli, {Erik A.} and Davies, {Gareth E.} and Hudziak, {James J.} and Rietveld, {Cornelius A.} and Groen-Blokhuis, {Maria M.} and Hottenga, {Jouke Jan} and {de Geus}, {Eco J.C.} and Boomsma, {Dorret I.} and Abdel Abdellaoui and Arpana Agrawal and Eva Albrecht and Alizadeh, {Behrooz Z.} and J{\"u}ri Allik and Najaf Amin and Attia, {John R.} and Stefania Bandinelli and John Barnard and Fran{\c c}ois Bastardot and Baumeister, {Sebastian E.} and Jonathan Beauchamp and Benjamin, {Daniel J.} and Benke, {Kelly S.} and Bennett, {David A.} and Klaus Berger and Bielak, {Lawrence F.} and Bierut, {Laura J.} and Boatman, {Jeffrey A.} and Boyle, {Patricia A.} and Ute B{\"u}ltmann and Harry Campbell and David Cesarini and Chabris, {Christopher F.} and Lynn Cherkas and Chung, {Mina K.} and Dalton Conley and Francesco Cucca and George Davey-Smith and Gail Davies and Andrade, {Mariza De} and {De Jager}, {Philip L.} and Leeuw, {Christiaan De} and De, {Jan Emmanuel} and Deary, {Ian J.} and Dedoussis, {George V.} and Panos Deloukas and Jaime Derringer and Maria Dimitriou and Gudny Eiriksdottir and Niina Eklund and Elderson, {Martin F.} and Eriksson, {Johan G.} and {To{\~n}u Esko}, Esko and Evans, {Daniel S.} and Evans, {David M.} and Faul, {Jessica D.} and Rudolf Fehrmann and Luigi Ferrucci and Krista Fischer and Lude Franke and Garcia, {Melissa E.} and Christian Gieger and Gjessing, {Hakon K.} and Groenen, {Patrick J.F.} and Henrik Gr{\"o}nberg and Vilmundur Gudnason and Sara H{\"a}gg and Per Hall and Harris, {Jennifer R.} and Harris, {Juliette M.} and Harris, {Tamara B.} and Hastie, {Nicholas D.} and Caroline Hayward and Heath, {Andrew C.} and Hernandez, {Dena G.} and Wolgang Hoffmann and Adriaan Hofman and Albert Hofman and Rolf Holle and Holliday, {Elizabeth G.} and Christina Holzapfel and Hottenga, {Jouke Jan} and Iacono, {William G.} and Ibrahim-Verbaas, {Carla A.} and Thomas Illig and Erik Ingelsson and Bo Jacobsson and J{\"a}rvelin, {Marjo Riitta} and Jhun, {Min A.} and Magnus Johannesson and Joshi, {Peter K.} and Astanand Jugessur and Marika Kaakinen and Mika K{\"a}h{\"o}nen and Stavroula Kanoni and Jaakkko Kaprio and Kardia, {Sharon L.R.} and Juha Karjalainen and Kirkpatrick, {Robert M.} and Koellinger, {Philipp D.} and Ivana Kolcic and Matthew Kowgier and Kati Kristiansson and Krueger, {Robert F.} and {Ltan Kutalik}, Z{\'o} and Jari Lahti and David Laibson and Antti Latvala and Launer, {Lenore J.} and Lawlor, {Debbie A.} and Lee, {Sang H.} and Terho Lethim{\"a}ki and Jingmei Li and Paul Lichtenstein and Lichtner, {Peter K.} and Liewald, {David C.} and Peng Lin and Lind, {Penelope A.} and Yongmei Liu and Kurt Lohman and Marisa Loitfelder and Madden, {Pamela A.} and Magnusson, {Patrick K.E.} and M{\"a}kinen, {Tomi E.} and Vidal, {Pedro Marques} and Martin, {Nicolas W.} and Martin, {Nicholas G.} and Marco Masala and Matt McGue and George McMahon and Medland, {Sarah E.} and Osorio Meirelles and Andres Metspalu and Meyer, {Michelle N.} and Andreas Mielck and Lili Milani and Miller, {Michael B.} and Montgomery, {Grant W.} and Sutapa Mukherjee and Ronny Myhre and Nuotio, {Marja Liisa} and Nyholt, {Dale R.} and Oldmeadow, {Christopher J.} and Oostra, {Ben A.} and Palmer, {Lyle J.} and Aarno Palotie and Brenda Penninx and Markus Perola and Petrovic, {Katja E.} and Peyrot, {Wouter J.} and Peyser, {Patricia A.} and {Ozren Polasek}, Polasek and Danielle Posthuma and Martin Preisig and Lydia Quaye and Katri R{\"a}ikk{\"o}nen and Raitakari, {Olli T.} and Anu Realo and Eva Reinmaa and Rice, {John P.} and Ring, {Susan M.} and Samuli Ripatti and Fernando Rivadeneira and Rizzi, {Thais S.} and Igor Rudan and Aldo Rustichini and Veikko Salomaa and Sarin, {Antti Pekka} and David Schlessinger and Helena Schmidt and Reinhold Schmidt and Scott, {Rodney J.} and Konstantin Shakhbazov and Smith, {Albert V.} and Smith, {Jennifer A.} and Harold Snieder and Pourcain, {Beate St} and Starr, {John M.} and Sul, {Jae Hoon} and Ida Surakka and Rauli Svento and Toshiko Tanaka and Antonio Terracciano and Alexander Teumer and Thurik, {A. Roy} and Henning Tiemeier and Timpson, {Nicholas J.} and Uitterlinden, {Andr{\'e} G.} and {Van Der Loos}, {Matthijs J.H.M.} and {Van Duijn}, {Cornelia M.} and {Van Rooij}, {Frank J.A.} and {Van Wagoner}, {David R.} and Erkki Vartiainen and Jorma Viikari and Visscher, {Peter M.} and Veronique Vitart and Vollenweider, {Peter K.} and Henry V{\"o}lzke and Vonk, {Judith M.} and G{\'e}rard Waeber and Weir, {David R.} and J{\"u}rgen Wellmann and Westra, {Harm Jan} and Wichmann, {H. Erich} and Elisabeth Widen and Gonneke Willemsen and Wilson, {James F.} and Wright, {Alan F.} and Jian Yang and Lei Yu and Wei Zhao",

year = "2014",

month = sep,

doi = "10.1002/ajmg.b.32254",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "165",

pages = "510--520",

journal = "American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics",

issn = "1552-4841",

publisher = "Wiley-Liss Inc.",

number = "6",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Polygenic scores associated with educational attainment in adults predict educational achievement and ADHD symptoms in children

AU - de Zeeuw, Eveline L.

AU - van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E.M.

AU - Glasner, Tina J.

AU - Bartels, M.

AU - Ehli, Erik A.

AU - Davies, Gareth E.

AU - Hudziak, James J.

AU - Rietveld, Cornelius A.

AU - Groen-Blokhuis, Maria M.

AU - Hottenga, Jouke Jan

AU - de Geus, Eco J.C.

AU - Boomsma, Dorret I.

AU - Abdellaoui, Abdel

AU - Agrawal, Arpana

AU - Albrecht, Eva

AU - Alizadeh, Behrooz Z.

AU - Allik, Jüri

AU - Amin, Najaf

AU - Attia, John R.

AU - Bandinelli, Stefania

AU - Barnard, John

AU - Bastardot, François

AU - Baumeister, Sebastian E.

AU - Beauchamp, Jonathan

AU - Benjamin, Daniel J.

AU - Benke, Kelly S.

AU - Bennett, David A.

AU - Berger, Klaus

AU - Bielak, Lawrence F.

AU - Bierut, Laura J.

AU - Boatman, Jeffrey A.

AU - Boyle, Patricia A.

AU - Bültmann, Ute

AU - Campbell, Harry

AU - Cesarini, David

AU - Chabris, Christopher F.

AU - Cherkas, Lynn

AU - Chung, Mina K.

AU - Conley, Dalton

AU - Cucca, Francesco

AU - Davey-Smith, George

AU - Davies, Gail

AU - Andrade, Mariza De

AU - De Jager, Philip L.

AU - Leeuw, Christiaan De

AU - De, Jan Emmanuel

AU - Deary, Ian J.

AU - Dedoussis, George V.

AU - Deloukas, Panos

AU - Derringer, Jaime

AU - Dimitriou, Maria

AU - Eiriksdottir, Gudny

AU - Eklund, Niina

AU - Elderson, Martin F.

AU - Eriksson, Johan G.

AU - Toñu Esko, Esko

AU - Evans, Daniel S.

AU - Evans, David M.

AU - Faul, Jessica D.

AU - Fehrmann, Rudolf

AU - Ferrucci, Luigi

AU - Fischer, Krista

AU - Franke, Lude

AU - Garcia, Melissa E.

AU - Gieger, Christian

AU - Gjessing, Hakon K.

AU - Groenen, Patrick J.F.

AU - Grönberg, Henrik

AU - Gudnason, Vilmundur

AU - Hägg, Sara

AU - Hall, Per

AU - Harris, Jennifer R.

AU - Harris, Juliette M.

AU - Harris, Tamara B.

AU - Hastie, Nicholas D.

AU - Hayward, Caroline

AU - Heath, Andrew C.

AU - Hernandez, Dena G.

AU - Hoffmann, Wolgang

AU - Hofman, Adriaan

AU - Hofman, Albert

AU - Holle, Rolf

AU - Holliday, Elizabeth G.

AU - Holzapfel, Christina

AU - Hottenga, Jouke Jan

AU - Iacono, William G.

AU - Ibrahim-Verbaas, Carla A.

AU - Illig, Thomas

AU - Ingelsson, Erik

AU - Jacobsson, Bo

AU - Järvelin, Marjo Riitta

AU - Jhun, Min A.

AU - Johannesson, Magnus

AU - Joshi, Peter K.

AU - Jugessur, Astanand

AU - Kaakinen, Marika

AU - Kähönen, Mika

AU - Kanoni, Stavroula

AU - Kaprio, Jaakkko

AU - Kardia, Sharon L.R.

AU - Karjalainen, Juha

AU - Kirkpatrick, Robert M.

AU - Koellinger, Philipp D.

AU - Kolcic, Ivana

AU - Kowgier, Matthew

AU - Kristiansson, Kati

AU - Krueger, Robert F.

AU - Ltan Kutalik, Zó

AU - Lahti, Jari

AU - Laibson, David

AU - Latvala, Antti

AU - Launer, Lenore J.

AU - Lawlor, Debbie A.

AU - Lee, Sang H.

AU - Lethimäki, Terho

AU - Li, Jingmei

AU - Lichtenstein, Paul

AU - Lichtner, Peter K.

AU - Liewald, David C.

AU - Lin, Peng

AU - Lind, Penelope A.

AU - Liu, Yongmei

AU - Lohman, Kurt

AU - Loitfelder, Marisa

AU - Madden, Pamela A.

AU - Magnusson, Patrick K.E.

AU - Mäkinen, Tomi E.

AU - Vidal, Pedro Marques

AU - Martin, Nicolas W.

AU - Martin, Nicholas G.

AU - Masala, Marco

AU - McGue, Matt

AU - McMahon, George

AU - Medland, Sarah E.

AU - Meirelles, Osorio

AU - Metspalu, Andres

AU - Meyer, Michelle N.

AU - Mielck, Andreas

AU - Milani, Lili

AU - Miller, Michael B.

AU - Montgomery, Grant W.

AU - Mukherjee, Sutapa

AU - Myhre, Ronny

AU - Nuotio, Marja Liisa

AU - Nyholt, Dale R.

AU - Oldmeadow, Christopher J.

AU - Oostra, Ben A.

AU - Palmer, Lyle J.

AU - Palotie, Aarno

AU - Penninx, Brenda

AU - Perola, Markus

AU - Petrovic, Katja E.

AU - Peyrot, Wouter J.

AU - Peyser, Patricia A.

AU - Ozren Polasek, Polasek

AU - Posthuma, Danielle

AU - Preisig, Martin

AU - Quaye, Lydia

AU - Räikkönen, Katri

AU - Raitakari, Olli T.

AU - Realo, Anu

AU - Reinmaa, Eva

AU - Rice, John P.

AU - Ring, Susan M.

AU - Ripatti, Samuli

AU - Rivadeneira, Fernando

AU - Rizzi, Thais S.

AU - Rudan, Igor

AU - Rustichini, Aldo

AU - Salomaa, Veikko

AU - Sarin, Antti Pekka

AU - Schlessinger, David

AU - Schmidt, Helena

AU - Schmidt, Reinhold

AU - Scott, Rodney J.

AU - Shakhbazov, Konstantin

AU - Smith, Albert V.

AU - Smith, Jennifer A.

AU - Snieder, Harold

AU - Pourcain, Beate St

AU - Starr, John M.

AU - Sul, Jae Hoon

AU - Surakka, Ida

AU - Svento, Rauli

AU - Tanaka, Toshiko

AU - Terracciano, Antonio

AU - Teumer, Alexander

AU - Thurik, A. Roy

AU - Tiemeier, Henning

AU - Timpson, Nicholas J.

AU - Uitterlinden, André G.

AU - Van Der Loos, Matthijs J.H.M.

AU - Van Duijn, Cornelia M.

AU - Van Rooij, Frank J.A.

AU - Van Wagoner, David R.

AU - Vartiainen, Erkki

AU - Viikari, Jorma

AU - Visscher, Peter M.

AU - Vitart, Veronique

AU - Vollenweider, Peter K.

AU - Völzke, Henry

AU - Vonk, Judith M.

AU - Waeber, Gérard

AU - Weir, David R.

AU - Wellmann, Jürgen

AU - Westra, Harm Jan

AU - Wichmann, H. Erich

AU - Widen, Elisabeth

AU - Willemsen, Gonneke

AU - Wilson, James F.

AU - Wright, Alan F.

AU - Yang, Jian

AU - Yu, Lei

AU - Zhao, Wei

PY - 2014/9

Y1 - 2014/9

N2 - The American Psychiatric Association estimates that 3 to 7 per cent of all school aged children are diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Even after correcting for general cognitive ability, numerous studies report a negative association between ADHD and educational achievement. With polygenic scores we examined whether genetic variants that have a positive influence on educational attainment have a protective effect against ADHD. The effect sizes from a large GWA meta-analysis of educational attainment in adults were used to calculate polygenic scores in an independent sample of 12-year-old children from the Netherlands Twin Register. Linear mixed models showed that the polygenic scores significantly predicted educational achievement, school performance, ADHD symptoms and attention problems in children. These results confirm the genetic overlap between ADHD and educational achievement, indicating that one way to gain insight into genetic variants responsible for variation in ADHD is to include data on educational achievement, which are available at a larger scale.

AB - The American Psychiatric Association estimates that 3 to 7 per cent of all school aged children are diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Even after correcting for general cognitive ability, numerous studies report a negative association between ADHD and educational achievement. With polygenic scores we examined whether genetic variants that have a positive influence on educational attainment have a protective effect against ADHD. The effect sizes from a large GWA meta-analysis of educational attainment in adults were used to calculate polygenic scores in an independent sample of 12-year-old children from the Netherlands Twin Register. Linear mixed models showed that the polygenic scores significantly predicted educational achievement, school performance, ADHD symptoms and attention problems in children. These results confirm the genetic overlap between ADHD and educational achievement, indicating that one way to gain insight into genetic variants responsible for variation in ADHD is to include data on educational achievement, which are available at a larger scale.

KW - ADHD

KW - Educational achievement

KW - Genetics

KW - Polygenic scores

KW - School performance

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84906101359&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84906101359&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1002/ajmg.b.32254

DO - 10.1002/ajmg.b.32254

M3 - Article

C2 - 25044548

AN - SCOPUS:84906101359

SN - 1552-4841

VL - 165

SP - 510

EP - 520

JO - American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics

JF - American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics

IS - 6

ER -

Polygenic scores associated with educational attainment in adults predict educational achievement and ADHD symptoms in children

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