Population-based risks of mortality and preterm morbidity by gestational age and birth weight

Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the effect of small or large for gestational age (SGA/LGA) status on mortality and morbidity by gestational age. Study design: Logistic binomial regression was used to calculate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals for infant mortality and preterm morbidities for SGA or LGA compared with appropriately grown (AGA) deliveries stratified by gestational age group. Results: Compared with AGA infants of similar gestational age, SGA infants were at increased risk for infant mortality. Mortality risk was decreased for LGA infants born between 25 and 27 weeks (RR: 0.6) but increased for LGA infants born between 28 and 31 weeks (RR: 1.9). Risk of preterm morbidity was increased for SGA infants born between 28 and 38 weeks, but decreased for LGA infants born before 37 weeks. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the importance of considering birth weight for gestational age when evaluating morbidity and mortality risks.