@article{3ab248d880884a0c8ac37234d8860cfe,
title = "Quantifying influenza virus diversity and transmission in humans",
abstract = "Influenza A virus is characterized by high genetic diversity. However, most of what is known about influenza evolution has come from consensus sequences sampled at the epidemiological scale that only represent the dominant virus lineage within each infected host. Less is known about the extent of within-host virus diversity and what proportion of this diversity is transmitted between individuals. To characterize virus variants that achieve sustainable transmission in new hosts, we examined within-host virus genetic diversity in household donor-recipient pairs from the first wave of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic when seasonal H3N2 was co-circulating. Although the same variants were found in multiple members of the community, the relative frequencies of variants fluctuated, with patterns of genetic variation more similar within than between households. We estimated the effective population size of influenza A virus across donor-recipient pairs to be approximately 100-200 contributing members, which enabled the transmission of multiple lineages, including antigenic variants.",
author = "Poon, {Leo L.M.} and Timothy Song and Roni Rosenfeld and Xudong Lin and Rogers, {Matthew B.} and Bin Zhou and Robert Sebra and Halpin, {Rebecca A.} and Yi Guan and Alan Twaddle and DePasse, {Jay V.} and Stockwell, {Timothy B.} and Wentworth, {David E.} and Holmes, {Edward C.} and Benjamin Greenbaum and Peiris, {Joseph S.M.} and Cowling, {Benjamin J.} and Elodie Ghedin",
note = "Funding Information: T.S. was a predoctoral trainee supported by US National Institutes of Health T32 training grant T32 EB009403 as part of the HHMI-NIBIB Interfaces Initiative. This research was supported with a grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (project T11-705/14N) (L.L.M.P., Y.G., J.S.M.P. and B.J.C.), federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, under contract numbers HHS-N272201400006C (L.L.M.P., Y.G. and J.S.M.P.), HHS-N266200700005C (B.J.C.) and HHS-N272200900007C (E.G., X.L., R.A.H., T.B.S. and D.E.W.), the National Institute of General Medical Science, US National Institutes of Health, under award numbers U54 GM088491 (E.G., R.R. and J.V.D.) and U54 GM088558 (B.J.C.), and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Fellowship AF30 (E.C.H.). The data for this manuscript were generated and prepared while D.E.W. was employed at the J. Craig Venter Institute. The opinions expressed in this article are the authors{\textquoteright} own and do not reflect the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the US Department of Health and Human Services or the US government. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 Nature America, Inc.",
year = "2016",
month = feb,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1038/ng.3479",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "48",
pages = "195--200",
journal = "Nature Genetics",
issn = "1061-4036",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "2",
}