TY - JOUR
T1 - Quantifying Pharyngeal Residue Across the Adult Life Span
T2 - Normative Values by Age, Gender, and Swallow Task
AU - Garand, Kendrea L.
AU - Grissett, Addison
AU - Corbett, Mary Mason
AU - Molfenter, Sonja
AU - Herzberg, Erica G.
AU - Kim, Han Joe
AU - Choi, Dahye
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was partially supported by the Veterans Affairs CDA-1 (RR&D1IK1RX001628-01A1 to Kendrea Garand); the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (K24DC12801 to Bonnie-Martin Harris); the South Carolina Clinical & Translational Research Institute, with an academic home at the Medical University of South Carolina, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (TL1 TR000061 to Kathleen Brady, Project PI: Kendrea Garand); Evelyn Trammell Trust to Bonnie Martin-Harris; and the American Speech-Language-Hearing Foundation to Kendrea Garand. The authors wish to acknowledge Cephus Simmons and the Director (Bonnie Martin-Harris) and clinicians from the Evelyn Trammell Institute of Voice and Swallowing at the Medical University of South Carolina, including R. Jordan Hazelwood, Kate Davidson, Julie Blair, and Brittni Carnes for their assistance with original videofluoroscopic data collection. The authors also acknowledge Kate Davidson for her assistance with consensus Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile scoring. The authors acknowledge Bonnie Martin-Harris and the Swallowing Cross-System Collaborative Lab at Northwestern University for partial funding support of original data collection. Finally, the authors wish to acknowledge Steele’s Swallowing Rehabilitation Research Lab at the University of Toronto for providing the custom Excel macro used in our data analysis.
Funding Information:
This work was partially supported by the Veterans Affairs CDA-1 (RR&D1IK1RX001628-01A1 to Kendrea Garand); the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (K24DC12801 to Bonnie-Martin Harris); the South Carolina Clinical & Translational Research Institute, with an academic home at the Medical University of South Carolina, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (TL1 TR000061 to Kathleen Brady, Project PI: Kendrea Garand); Evelyn Trammell Trust to Bonnie Martin-Harris; and the American Speech-Language-Hearing Foundation to Kendrea Garand. The authors wish to acknowledge Cephus Sim-mons and the Director (Bonnie Martin-Harris) and clinicians from the Evelyn Trammell Institute of Voice and Swallowing at the Medical University of South Carolina, including R. Jordan Hazelwood, Kate Davidson, Julie Blair, and Brittni Carnes for their assistance with original videofluoroscopic data collection. The authors also acknowledge Kate Davidson for her assistance with con-sensus Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile scoring. The authors acknowledge Bonnie Martin-Harris and the Swallowing Cross-System Collaborative Lab at Northwestern University for partial funding support of original data collection. Finally, the authors wish to acknowledge Steele’s Swallowing Rehabilitation Research Lab at the University of Toronto for providing the cus-tom Excel macro used in our data analysis.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023.
PY - 2023/3
Y1 - 2023/3
N2 - Purpose: We quantified pharyngeal residue using pixel-based methods in a normative data set, while examining influences of age, gender, and swallow task. Method: One hundred ninety-five healthy participants underwent a videofluoro-scopic swallow study following the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile (MBSImP) protocol. ImageJ was used to compute Normalized Residue Ratio Scale and the Analysis of Swallowing Physiology: Events, Kinematics and Timing (ASPEKT) pharyngeal residue measures. Reliability was established. Descriptive statistics were performed for all residue measures. Inferential statistics were performed using ASPEKT total scores (i.e., %C2–42). Logistic regression models explored predictors of residue versus no residue. Generalized linear mixed models explored predictors of nonzero residue. Spearman rho explored relationships between ASPEKT total residue scores and MBSImP Component 16 (Pharyngeal Residue) scores. Results: Majority of swallows (1,165/1,528; 76.2%) had residue scores of zero. Residue presence (%C2–42 > 0) was influenced by age (more in older [F = 9.908, p = .002]), gender (more in males [F = 18.70, p < .001]), viscosity (more in pudding, nectar, and honey [F = 25.30, p < .001]), and volume (more for cup sip [F = 37.430, p < .001]). When residue was present (363/1,528 = 23.8%), amounts were low (M = 1% of C2–42, SD = 2.4), and only increasing age was associated with increased residue (F = 9.008, p = .007) when controlling for gender and swallow task. Increasing residue was incremental (0.01% of C2–42 per year). As ASPEKT total residue values increased, MBSImP Component 16 scores also increased. Conclusions: Pharyngeal residue amounts were very low in healthy adults. Residue presence can be influenced by age, gender, and swallow task. However, when present, the amount of pharyngeal residue was only associated with increasing age.
AB - Purpose: We quantified pharyngeal residue using pixel-based methods in a normative data set, while examining influences of age, gender, and swallow task. Method: One hundred ninety-five healthy participants underwent a videofluoro-scopic swallow study following the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile (MBSImP) protocol. ImageJ was used to compute Normalized Residue Ratio Scale and the Analysis of Swallowing Physiology: Events, Kinematics and Timing (ASPEKT) pharyngeal residue measures. Reliability was established. Descriptive statistics were performed for all residue measures. Inferential statistics were performed using ASPEKT total scores (i.e., %C2–42). Logistic regression models explored predictors of residue versus no residue. Generalized linear mixed models explored predictors of nonzero residue. Spearman rho explored relationships between ASPEKT total residue scores and MBSImP Component 16 (Pharyngeal Residue) scores. Results: Majority of swallows (1,165/1,528; 76.2%) had residue scores of zero. Residue presence (%C2–42 > 0) was influenced by age (more in older [F = 9.908, p = .002]), gender (more in males [F = 18.70, p < .001]), viscosity (more in pudding, nectar, and honey [F = 25.30, p < .001]), and volume (more for cup sip [F = 37.430, p < .001]). When residue was present (363/1,528 = 23.8%), amounts were low (M = 1% of C2–42, SD = 2.4), and only increasing age was associated with increased residue (F = 9.008, p = .007) when controlling for gender and swallow task. Increasing residue was incremental (0.01% of C2–42 per year). As ASPEKT total residue values increased, MBSImP Component 16 scores also increased. Conclusions: Pharyngeal residue amounts were very low in healthy adults. Residue presence can be influenced by age, gender, and swallow task. However, when present, the amount of pharyngeal residue was only associated with increasing age.
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U2 - 10.1044/2022_JSLHR-22-00413
DO - 10.1044/2022_JSLHR-22-00413
M3 - Article
C2 - 36720117
AN - SCOPUS:85149999822
SN - 1092-4388
VL - 66
SP - 820
EP - 831
JO - Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
JF - Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
IS - 3
ER -