@article{4517b26e02c94e6e93ba5593802b4cb5,
title = "Rapid multi-plane phase-contrast microscopy reveals torsional dynamics in flagellar motion",
abstract = "High speed volumetric optical microscopy is an important tool for observing rapid processes in living cells or for real-time tracking of sub-cellular components. However, the 3D imaging capability often comes at the price of a high technical complexity of the imaging system and/or the requirement of demanding image analysis. Here, we propose a combination of conventional phase-contrast imaging with a customized multi-plane beam-splitter for enabling simultaneous acquisition of images in eight different focal planes. Our method is technically straightforward and does not require complex post-processing image analysis. We apply our multiplane phase-contrast microscope to the real-time observation of the fast motion of reactivated Chlamydomonas axonemes with sub-µm spatial and 4 ms temporal resolution. Our system allows us to observe not only bending but also the three-dimensional torsional dynamics of these micro-swimmers.",
author = "Soheil Mojiri and Sebastian Isbaner and Steffen Muhle and Hongje Jang and Bae, {Albert Johann} and Ingo Gregor and Azam Gholami and Jorg Enderlein",
note = "Funding Information: Funding. H2020 European Research Council (ITN BE-OPTICAL, grant number 675512); Bundesministerium f{\"u}r Bildung und Forschung (MaxSynBio Consortium); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (A11 SFB937, EXC 2067/1-390729940). Funding Information: Acknowledgements. A.G. thanks M. Lorenz and the G{\"o}ttingen Algae Culture Collection (SAG) for providing the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain SAG 11-32b. SH thanks the European Research Council for financial support of his position via the International Trainee Network (ITN) BE-OPTICAL (grant number 675512). SM and JE acknowledge financial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Council) via the Collaborative Research Center SFB 937 “Collective behavior of soft and biological matter,” project A11. AG and AB acknowledge support by MaxSynBio Consortium, which is jointly funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany and the Max Planck Society. JE thanks also for support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany{\textquoteright}s Excellence Strategy - EXC 2067/1-390729940. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement",
year = "2021",
month = jun,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1364/BOE.419099",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "12",
pages = "3169--3180",
journal = "Biomedical Optics Express",
issn = "2156-7085",
publisher = "The Optical Society",
number = "6",
}