Recent developments in soil-nailing - Design & practice

Soil nailing is an in-situ soil reinforcement technique that has been effectively used during the past three decades. The most significant construction technology innovations have been the development and use of jet nailing in conjunction with jet piling, and launched soil nails. Construction and retrofitting of bridge abutments, excavation support, as well as seismic retrofitting in earthquake zones have been increasingly used. Available experiments, and observations on full-scale structures have been recently reviewed and documented in an International Knowledge Database for Ground Improvement Technologies (IKDGIT). This paper focuses on the recent technologies, new applications, the development of soil nailing database, and the design aspects of soil nailed structures in seismic zones.