Recent insights into mechanisms preventing ectopic centromere formation

Qianhua Dong; Jinpu Yang; Jinxin Gao; Fei Li

doi:10.1098/rsob.210189

Recent insights into mechanisms preventing ectopic centromere formation

Qianhua Dong, Jinpu Yang, Jinxin Gao, Fei Li

Biology and Genomics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

The centromere is a specialized chromosomal structure essential for chromosome segregation. Centromere dysfunction leads to chromosome segregation errors and genome instability. In most eukaryotes, centromere identity is specified epigenetically by CENP-A, a centromere-specific histone H3 variant. CENP-A replaces histone H3 in centromeres, and nucleates the assembly of the kinetochore complex. Mislocalization of CENP-A to non-centromeric regions causes ectopic assembly of CENP-A chromatin, which has a devastating impact on chromosome segregation and has been linked to a variety of human cancers. How non-centromeric regions are protected from CENP-A misincorporation in normal cells is largely unexplored. Here, we review the most recent advances on the mechanisms underlying the prevention of ectopic centromere formation, and discuss the implications in human disease.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	210189
Journal	Open Biology
Volume	11
Issue number	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.210189
State	Published - Sep 8 2021

Keywords

CENP-A
chromosomes segregation
ectopic centromeres
epigenetics
kinetochore
neocentromere

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Neuroscience
Immunology
General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

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10.1098/rsob.210189

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abstract = "The centromere is a specialized chromosomal structure essential for chromosome segregation. Centromere dysfunction leads to chromosome segregation errors and genome instability. In most eukaryotes, centromere identity is specified epigenetically by CENP-A, a centromere-specific histone H3 variant. CENP-A replaces histone H3 in centromeres, and nucleates the assembly of the kinetochore complex. Mislocalization of CENP-A to non-centromeric regions causes ectopic assembly of CENP-A chromatin, which has a devastating impact on chromosome segregation and has been linked to a variety of human cancers. How non-centromeric regions are protected from CENP-A misincorporation in normal cells is largely unexplored. Here, we review the most recent advances on the mechanisms underlying the prevention of ectopic centromere formation, and discuss the implications in human disease.",

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Recent insights into mechanisms preventing ectopic centromere formation

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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