Reconfigurable Self-Assembly and Kinetic Control of Multiprogrammed DNA-Coated Particles

DNA is a unique molecule for storing information, which is used to provide particular biological instructions. Its function is primarily determined by the sequence of its four nucleobases, which have highly specific base-pairing interactions. This unique feature can be applied to direct the self-assembly of colloids by grafting DNA onto them. Due to the sequence-specific interactions, colloids can be programmed with multiple instructions. Here, we show that particles having multiple DNA strands with different melting profiles can undergo multiple phase transitions and reassemble into different crystalline structures in response to temperature. We include free DNA strands in the medium to selectively switch on and off DNA hybridization depending on temperature. We also demonstrate that DNA hybridization kinetics can be used as a means to achieve targeted assembling structure of colloids. These transitions impart a reconfigurability to colloids in which systems can be transformed an arbitrary number of times using thermal and kinetic control.