@article{678fb8733db54111bbb853ba5ecd445e,
title = "Regional extinction risks for marine bony fishes occurring in the Persian/Arabian Gulf",
abstract = "The Persian/Arabian Gulf (hereafter, {\textquoteleft}the Gulf{\textquoteright}) is an environmentally extreme sea that is being increasingly affected by climate change and anthropogenic stressors, and concern is growing about the future of marine biodiversity in the region. However, identification of species and habitats most in need of conservation is challenging as comprehensive information on species-specific threats and population statuses is lacking. Through application of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List methodology – the global accepted standard for classifying extinction risk at the species level – we evaluated the regional conservation status of 471 species of marine bony fishes in the Gulf. The best estimate of the proportion of regionally threatened marine bony fishes, based on all species for which sufficient data were available for assessment, is 8.2%; this is at least twice the proportion of other regions where such assessments have been undertaken. Primary threats include those related to fisheries and harvesting and those related to coastal development and loss of habitat, impacting 47% and 32% of marine bony fishes, respectively. Such threats are particularly acute in nearshore areas where spatial analyses indicated high species richness. The future of Gulf ecosystems, and the survival of the marine bony fishes, will depend on concerted, collaborative efforts among all Gulf States to develop efficient and effective local and regional marine conservation practices and policies, particularly for species assessed as regionally threatened.",
keywords = "Arabian Gulf, Extinction risk, IUCN Red List, Marine bony fishes, Marine conservation, Persian Gulf",
author = "Buchanan, {Jack R.} and Ralph, {Gina M.} and Friedhelm Krupp and Heather Harwell and Mohamed Abdallah and Ebrahim Abdulqader and Mohsen Al-Husaini and Bishop, {James M.} and Burt, {John A.} and Choat, {John H.} and Collette, {Bruce B.} and Feary, {David A.} and Hartmann, {Stanley A.} and Yukio Iwatsuki and Farhad Kaymaram and Larson, {Helen K.} and Keiichi Matsuura and Hiroyuki Motomura and Thomas Munroe and Barry Russell and William Smith-Vaniz and Jeffrey Williams and Carpenter, {Kent E.}",
note = "Funding Information: This publication was made possible by a NPRP award [NPRP5-309-1-061] from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of The Qatar Foundation). The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors. We thank Abdulrahman Al-Muftah, for his role as co-Lead PI, and Ghiath Khiami, for his help with IUCN Red List workshop logistics. We also thank Jean-Christophe Vie and Roger McManus for their continued advice and support for IUCN's Marine Biodiversity Unit and the Global Marine Species Assessment. This project could not have been completed without the more than 25 regional and international scientific experts, including Mohammed S. Alam, Khalid Al-Khalaf, Ahmad Al-Khulaifi, Ali J. Al-Kuwari, Mustafa Al-Mukhtar, Qussai Alghawzi, and Gerald Allen, who contributed to species assessments over the past four years. We also thank: Alborz Shirmohammadi, Elizabeth Shores, and Drake Slater (for assisting with data collection and post-workshop editing); Mia Comeros-Raynal, Christi Linardich, and Beth Polidoro (for facilitating at the IUCN Red List workshops in Qatar); and Labbish Chao, Matthew Craig, Riley Pollom, and Yvonne Sadovy (for reviewing species assessments). This project also benefited from the work and support of Edwin Grandcourt, particularly for fishes and fisheries of the southern Gulf. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 Elsevier Ltd Copyright: Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "2019",
month = feb,
doi = "10.1016/j.biocon.2018.11.027",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "230",
pages = "10--19",
journal = "Biological Conservation",
issn = "0006-3207",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
}