TY - JOUR
T1 - Relationships Between E-cigarette Use and Subsequent Cigarette Initiation Among Adolescents in the PATH Study
T2 - an Entropy Balancing Propensity Score Analysis
AU - Xu, Shu
AU - Coffman, Donna L.
AU - Liu, Bin
AU - Xu, Yifan
AU - He, Jiarui
AU - Niaura, Raymond S.
N1 - Funding Information:
DC, BL, YX, and JH report no financial or other relationship relevant to the subject of this article. SX receives the research grants from NYU Research Challenge Fund and NIH/NCI supplement award through Grant U54CA229974. RN receives funding from the Food and Drug Administration Center for Tobacco Products via contractual mechanisms with Westat and the National Institutes of Health. The work presented here is independent of this funding, and does not represent the views or opinions of any government institutes or agencies.
Funding Information:
This work was supported by a grant from the New York University (NYU) Research Challenge Fund Program. Research reported in this publication was also supported by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and FDA Center for Tobacco Products (CTP) under Award Number U54CA229974. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH or the Food and Drug Administration.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, Society for Prevention Research.
PY - 2022/5
Y1 - 2022/5
N2 - This study aimed to examine the relationship between electronic cigarette use and subsequent combustible cigarette use, controlling for confounding by using a propensity score method approach. Data from the first three annual waves of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study were analyzed (n = 6309). Participants were tobacco-naïve at Wave 1; used e-cigarettes exclusively (n = 414), used combustible cigarettes exclusively (n = 46), or not used any tobacco products (n = 5849) at Wave 2. We conducted entropy balancing propensity score analysis to examine the association between exclusive e-cigarette or cigarette initiation and subsequent cigarette use at Wave 3, adjusting for non-response bias, sampling bias, and confounding. Among tobacco-naïve youth, exclusive e-cigarette use was associated with greater risk for subsequent combustible cigarette smoking initiation (OR = 3.42, 95% CI = (1.99, 5.93)) and past 30-day combustible cigarette use (OR = 2.88, 95% CI = (1.22, 6.86)) in the following year. However, the latter risk was comparatively lower than the risk if youth started with a combustible cigarette (OR = 25.79, 95% CI = (9.68, 68.72)). Results of sensitivity analyses indicated that estimated effects were robust to unmeasured confounding. Use of e-cigarettes in tobacco-naïve youth is associated with increased risk of subsequent past 30-day combustible cigarette use but the risk is an order of magnitude higher if they start with a combustible cigarette.
AB - This study aimed to examine the relationship between electronic cigarette use and subsequent combustible cigarette use, controlling for confounding by using a propensity score method approach. Data from the first three annual waves of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study were analyzed (n = 6309). Participants were tobacco-naïve at Wave 1; used e-cigarettes exclusively (n = 414), used combustible cigarettes exclusively (n = 46), or not used any tobacco products (n = 5849) at Wave 2. We conducted entropy balancing propensity score analysis to examine the association between exclusive e-cigarette or cigarette initiation and subsequent cigarette use at Wave 3, adjusting for non-response bias, sampling bias, and confounding. Among tobacco-naïve youth, exclusive e-cigarette use was associated with greater risk for subsequent combustible cigarette smoking initiation (OR = 3.42, 95% CI = (1.99, 5.93)) and past 30-day combustible cigarette use (OR = 2.88, 95% CI = (1.22, 6.86)) in the following year. However, the latter risk was comparatively lower than the risk if youth started with a combustible cigarette (OR = 25.79, 95% CI = (9.68, 68.72)). Results of sensitivity analyses indicated that estimated effects were robust to unmeasured confounding. Use of e-cigarettes in tobacco-naïve youth is associated with increased risk of subsequent past 30-day combustible cigarette use but the risk is an order of magnitude higher if they start with a combustible cigarette.
KW - Combustible cigarette use initiation
KW - E-cigarette use
KW - Entropy balancing
KW - Sensitivity analysis
KW - Youth
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U2 - 10.1007/s11121-021-01326-4
DO - 10.1007/s11121-021-01326-4
M3 - Article
C2 - 34719736
AN - SCOPUS:85118302192
SN - 1389-4986
VL - 23
SP - 608
EP - 617
JO - Prevention Science
JF - Prevention Science
IS - 4
ER -