TY - JOUR
T1 - Resistant hypertension and sleep apnea
T2 - Pathophysiologic insights and strategic management
AU - Williams, Stephen K.
AU - Ravenell, Joseph
AU - Jean-Louis, Girardin
AU - Zizi, Ferdinand
AU - Underberg, James A.
AU - McFarlane, Samy I.
AU - Ogedegbe, Gbenga
PY - 2011/2
Y1 - 2011/2
N2 - Resistant hypertension is common among adults with hypertension affecting up to 30% of patients. The treatment of resistant hypertension is important because suboptimal blood pressure control is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide. A frequent comorbid condition in patients with resistant hypertension is obstructive sleep apnea. The pathophysiology of sleep apnea-associated hypertension is characterized by sustained adrenergic activation and volume retention often posing treatment challenges in patients with resistant hypertension. This review will address some of the epidemiologic data associating apnea with the pathogenesis of resistant hypertension. Diagnosis and management of apnea and its associated hypertension will also be considered.
AB - Resistant hypertension is common among adults with hypertension affecting up to 30% of patients. The treatment of resistant hypertension is important because suboptimal blood pressure control is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide. A frequent comorbid condition in patients with resistant hypertension is obstructive sleep apnea. The pathophysiology of sleep apnea-associated hypertension is characterized by sustained adrenergic activation and volume retention often posing treatment challenges in patients with resistant hypertension. This review will address some of the epidemiologic data associating apnea with the pathogenesis of resistant hypertension. Diagnosis and management of apnea and its associated hypertension will also be considered.
KW - Continuous positive airway pressure
KW - Diuretics
KW - Drug-resistant hypertension
KW - Obesity
KW - Sleep apnea
KW - Sleep-disordered breathing
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U2 - 10.1007/s11892-010-0161-z
DO - 10.1007/s11892-010-0161-z
M3 - Article
C2 - 21104207
AN - SCOPUS:79551575875
SN - 1534-4827
VL - 11
SP - 64
EP - 69
JO - Current Diabetes Reports
JF - Current Diabetes Reports
IS - 1
ER -