TY - JOUR
T1 - Risk factors for postcoital bleeding among women with or at risk for infection with human immunodeficiency virus
AU - Padian, Nancy S.
AU - Abrams, Judith
AU - Skurnick, Joan H.
AU - Van Devanter, Nancy L.
AU - O’brien, Thomas R.
PY - 1995/10
Y1 - 1995/10
N2 - Risk factors for postcoital bleeding were examined in 475 women who were enrolled in a study of heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In bivariate analyses, history of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs; P =.03), HIV infection (P =.008), and dyspareunia or pain during intercourse (P =.0001) were significant risk factors. In multivariate analysis, the two latter factors remained significant (for HIV, odds ratio [OR] = 2.1, P =.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1–4.0; for dyspareunia, OR = 3.5, P <.001, 95% CI = 1.8–6.6), as did the interaction term of STD history and heavy smoking (OR = 2.4, P =.02, 95% CI = 1.2–5.0). Pain during intercourse was the strongest predictor of postcoital bleeding but may be part of the same phenomenon. Similarly, because this study relied on cross-sectional data, the direction of the causal pathway linking HIV to postcoital bleeding cannot be established. However, these data suggest that smoking, a modifiable risk factor, may increase risk of postcoital bleeding and contribute to susceptibility for HIV and other STDs.
AB - Risk factors for postcoital bleeding were examined in 475 women who were enrolled in a study of heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In bivariate analyses, history of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs; P =.03), HIV infection (P =.008), and dyspareunia or pain during intercourse (P =.0001) were significant risk factors. In multivariate analysis, the two latter factors remained significant (for HIV, odds ratio [OR] = 2.1, P =.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1–4.0; for dyspareunia, OR = 3.5, P <.001, 95% CI = 1.8–6.6), as did the interaction term of STD history and heavy smoking (OR = 2.4, P =.02, 95% CI = 1.2–5.0). Pain during intercourse was the strongest predictor of postcoital bleeding but may be part of the same phenomenon. Similarly, because this study relied on cross-sectional data, the direction of the causal pathway linking HIV to postcoital bleeding cannot be established. However, these data suggest that smoking, a modifiable risk factor, may increase risk of postcoital bleeding and contribute to susceptibility for HIV and other STDs.
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U2 - 10.1093/infdis/172.4.1084
DO - 10.1093/infdis/172.4.1084
M3 - Article
C2 - 7561184
AN - SCOPUS:0029145082
SN - 0022-1899
VL - 172
SP - 1084
EP - 1087
JO - Journal of Infectious Diseases
JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases
IS - 4
ER -