Role of hydrogen on aviation sector: A review on hydrogen storage, fuel flexibility, flame stability, and emissions reduction on gas turbines engines

Hydrogen is being recognized as a versatile energy carrier that can aid in the transition towards a decarbonized energy future due to its high specific energy density. Gas turbine engines are primary source of energy for the modern aircraft. To make the air transportation economical it is essential to achieve higher thermal efficiencies and the capability to operate on carbon–neutral fuels such as hydrogen. The current review article examines the effect of hydrogen in the gas turbine engines. Furthermore, the green routes for the hydrogen production and storage were discussed in detail. Additionally, the implementation of the conceptual design for the onboard hydrogen utilization in the long-range endurance aircrafts was considered. The utilization of hydrogen as a fuel in gas turbines is subject to the influence of different factors, including the functioning of the turbine components, ambient conditions, combustion stability, flame characteristics and operating parameters. This study explores the use of hydrogen as a fuel in aircraft gas turbine engines, which has the potential to reduce NOx emissions, improve fuel efficiency, and increase range while significantly decreasing pollutants such as carbon monoxide. However, modifications to the engine system are necessary, and careful consideration of factors such as fuel storage, combustion, and emissions is essential. While there are significant challenges to storing hydrogen for use as a fuel in aircraft, finding an optimized solution is crucial for reducing carbon emissions and moving towards a more sustainable future. Overall, hydrogen has the potential to be a viable alternative to conventional fuels in aircraft engines.